A Short Biography about the author

Dr. John F. MacArthur, Jr. was born in Los Angeles, California, U. S. A., on June 14, 1939. An American Evangelical Writer and Minister, with an existing radio program entitled â€Å"Grace to You†, & currently serving as a Pastor/Teacher of Grace Community Church in Sun Valley California, also holding the position of President of The Master’s College (and it’s Seminary), located in Santa Clarita, California.He is the son of Dr. Jack MacArthur (also an accomplished Preacher in his time), John was a gifted athlete who attended the Bob Jones University before moving to Los Angeles Pacific College (now name Azusa Pacific University). He earned his Masters of Divinity course at Talbot Theological Seminary in La Mirada & graduated with honors in 1969.He was the third Pastor in the Grace Community Church, a non-denominational church in the same place. John MacArthur   and his wife, Patricia, have four children,   eight grandchildren, and are living in Santa Clarita, California.  In 1985, he became the President of the Master’s College (used to be named and known as the Los Angeles Baptist College), an accredited four year liberal arts Christian College & a year later he founded the Master’s Seminary. His daily radio programâ€Å"Grace to You† is being broadcast   not just in California or the U. S. A. but also through out many parts of the world. He is an author to many dozens of books with notable commentary series & various Bible Study Guides. He works alongside Phil Johnson who usually edits most of his written works.MacArthur has been involved in a lot of controversial issues, the greatest one of which was when his evangelical church for the first time, got sued for malpractice charge.A certain Kenneth Nally, a 24 year old seminary student from their school committed suicide in 1979. A year after, MacArthur & several other members of their staff   appeared before the court about the legality of their Biblical cou nseling procedures from the modern psychological approach, notwithstanding that Nally has been under a psychological   help from the outside. Several years passed with various court rules, appeals, hearings until the California Supreme Court ruled out that there was insufficient evidence to   forego on the case into a full trial.

Unit 1 Individual Project Pres111

Marketa S Marshall Unit 1 Individual Project AIU Online – PRES 111 Professor C. Embry Presentation Essentials Before I begin with the videos I chose for this assignment I will first define the rhetorical triangle and the parts of it. The rhetorical triangle refers to the relationship of the three forms of Aristotelian rhetoric-Ethos, Pathos, and Logos. A speaker who aims to attain perfection in his speech must strive to use all three forms of rhetoric. Similarly Ethos, Pathos and Logos form the basic components of all kinds of writing.It is important to learn and recognize the use of these three elements not only in our own writing but also in others writings. It is by the use of Ethos, Pathos and Logos that one can develop a text appealing to readers on various levels. The three parts of the triangle are ethos, logos, and pathos. Ethos is more concerned to the character of speakers. Any kind of text document that is ethos-driven concentrates on the character and reputation of writer. It reflects the reputation of author. If listeners can recognize the speaker’s credibility, it will help the speaker to make his task more easy and perfect.Ethos helps to interpret the relationship between listeners and speakers. Ethos-driven document is highly focused on the qualities of author that give credibility to his personality such as sincerity, trust, grooming, eye contact, dress, movement, height and expertise. Pathos is highly focused on emotions, feelings and psychological state of the listeners. It is the fact that we can interpret the concept of document easily when we are in good mood but we cannot interpret it when we are in hostile mood. So it is the fact that pathos-driven document concentrates on the mood, emotions and feelings of the audience.Logos-driven document is always focused on concepts or logical ability. It concentrates on proof that is given to the audience through logic reasoning. Humans make decisions on what grabs their attention thr ough logical reasoning. If speaker’s communication is perfect and convincing, audience will inspire because they always try to find logical reasoning in the speech of speakers. Educational or official documents are focused on logos. (Ranjan, 2012) The first video is about Breast Cancer: http://www. youtube. com/watch? =bjXCnAXp8cs The second video is about students who attend a high school in New York and the discuss the STEP program which helps them to better understand technology http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=bjXCnAXp8cs First video †¢ What is the background information for this presentation? The information in this video provides info about breast cancer, the presenter tells you in the simplest way how to prevent breast cancer and how to detect it in the early stages hands on, and she gives you an example on how to test yourself for breast cancer.She also gives you in depth information about the subject and why she feels the subject is a sensitive topic for her. W hat is the name of the presenter? Megha Shah What is the name of this presentation? Breast Cancer Prevention Presentation by students of Lewis University Where can it be located? (What is its URL? ) http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=4zrTI25mV9I part 2 of the presentation is http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=bjXCnAXp8cs When was this presentation given? August 2, 2010Where was this presentation given? On the Lewis University campus Who was in the audience? Faculty, students, staff, friends, and family How does each part of the Rhetorical Triangle operate in the presentation? Pathos is focused on emotions and feelings of the listeners, since the presenter felt sensitive on the subject since she either has a family member or a friend who has suffered from breast cancer she was able to reach out to the audience not in just an informative matter but in a personal matter as well.Logos is built on how much the presenter has informed the audience I feel she did a great job, since she has ex perienced the topic in a personal way she was able to give tips and help the audience understand the subject better, she also gave great examples on presentation and how to catch the early signs of the illness. Ethos is described as the personality of the presenter I feel she was a bit nervous in front of the camera but she still did a great job when presenting it. She stumbled on a couple of words when doing the presentation in a face to face camera mode.How does The Speaker operate in the presentation? Based on what you have learned in U1 about the Rhetorical Triangle, is this successful (i. e. , effective)? Yes I feel the speaker did successfully touch the basis of all three steps in the triangle though there were some mishaps altogether it still came out to be a great presentation. The speaker gave an effective method for the presentation as well she was able to properly inform the audience on the subject and give them examples on prevention. How does The Audience operate in the presentation?Based on what you have learned in U1 about the Rhetorical Triangle, is this successful (i. e. , effective)? The audience seemed compelled because I believe all women need to know and understand the causes and effects of breast cancer and learn how to catch the early signs of it, they seemed very attentive when it came to listening ad understanding the topic. How does The Situation/Purpose operate in the presentation? Based on what you have learned in U1 about the Rhetorical Triangle, is this successful (i. . , effective)? The situation given for the topic was to inform women more on an illness that causes death for women today; so the purpose was to inform, educate, and help the audience to better understand the subject and gave them tips on how to prevent and catch the early signs of it. What is the relationship between these elements in this video presentation? Based on what you have learned in U1 about the Rhetorical Triangle, overall, is this successful (i. e. , ef fective)?Since the presentation was given on a campus site, not only did it help the faculty and staff, the students, but it also gave them an opportunity to bring family and friends and help them get involved on the issues of the subject and to help them understand the subject as well. Second Video What is the background information for this presentation? The students in this video attempt to inform the audience about a program that is given to them after school hours(weekends) and it help enrich them in technology and further pushes them to their goals.I think that the program offers the students ways to help them achieve their goals, the program also allows them to go a step further with their homework it’s something like a homework help program that is offered to them after school. It helps the kids in writing, math, and reading as well as English. What is the name of the presenter? Various high school students What is the name of this presentation? The Barnard STEP Progr am special presentation 2012 Where can it be located? (What is its URL? ) http://www. youtube. com/watch? v=oxO7t0vs5QE When was this presentation given? March 26, 2012Where was this presentation given? Various locations that offer the after school program to its students. Who was in the audience? Teachers who volunteer at the program and various audience members who wanted to learn more about the program. How does each part of the Rhetorical Triangle operate in the presentation? Not every step was offered in this presentation I think, Ethos was effectively terminated in this presentation the students were still in school clothing I think or clothes that they wore at home after school I think they could’ve had the students look more presentable.Pathos was initiated since all of the students seemed to come across the program by friends, teachers or family members who wanted to see them succeed. Logos was initiated but could’ve been handled differently if I were just bro wsing online the presentation given on the site would not have just caught my attention, the students were knowledgeable on the subject but only to a certain extent. One of the volunteered teachers could’ve made an appearance in the video and talked more to the parents watching about the subject.It was just students in the video so they pretty much reached out to other students, but students must be able to help their parents understand the subject as well so a teacher should’ve been in the video to help capture the attention of the parents of the students who were interested in the program. How does The Speaker operate in the presentation? Based on what you have learned in U1 about the Rhetorical Triangle, is this successful (i. e. , effective)? All speakers pretty much went over why they joined the program, and what it offers.I didn’t get to see information on why or who started the program where it was offered or why students should join. Students just told w hy they started the program because of who brought it to their attention i. e friends, family members or teachers. No one gave in depth information on why the program was started and who stated it and why. How does The Audience operate in the presentation? Based on what you have learned in U1 about the Rhetorical Triangle, is this successful (i. e. , effective)?Various members were able to watch it was a video that was uploaded in order to let students know about the program, since the video didn’t properly execute why or how the program was stated and gave follow up information of the program I don’t think most audience members would be that interested in letting their students join. How does The Situation/Purpose operate in the presentation? Based on what you have learned in U1 about the Rhetorical Triangle, is this successful (i. e. , effective)?Every school has a after school program, the video didn’t really discuss why or what made their program so special, or more important than any other program †¢What is the relationship between these elements in this video presentation? Based on what you have learned in U1 about the Rhetorical Triangle, overall, is this successful (i. e. , effective)? It was mildly successful I think that if any other student were to view the video they’d just watch and move on to another video relating to the same subject due to lack of information.Both videos were entertaining but the second video proved to be more entertaining than the first the first video gave more information on the subject as well as examples and presentations on prevention, the presenter was able to capture the audience’s attention because the subject is a touchy matter and she was able to capture the attention of not only the faculty and staff as well as her fellow students but other women as well.The second video would prove to have a mild audience it lacked of information. The students who presented the video just dis cussed why they felt the program was useful, no one went into detail on how or why the program was started and what the program offered. REFERENCES http://www. alloutdigital. com/2012/09/what-are-three-parts-of-the-rhetorical-triangle/ http://www. youtube. com

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Interpreting archaeological data from Paleoindian to Archaic sites Assignment

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The Thrill of Hiking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

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The Big Bang Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

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Managing People in Engineering Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

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The US economy Essay Example for Free

The US economy Essay Nuclear warfare loomed large at this time and international fear of the plutonium and uranium bombs which had been dropped in Japan were escalated, this historians clear aim here was to give the impression that America was instigating this sort of warfare and as such is clearly writing to turn popular opinion and weaken American support worldwide. In understandable contrast James Byrnes shares a completely different view. He demonstrates condolence towards the usage of the bomb. We first have to establish who relayed this source, the then, US Secretary of State, Byrnes. He would have wanted his beliefs at the time of the droppings to appear in a positive light and be seen as fairly thought out strategic move. Patriotism will have played a part in this, Byrnes re-enforces Trumans final word to go ahead with the raids. In a similar fashion to Nekrasov, Byrnes attempts to provoke dislike for the opposition by stating And we are talking about people who hadnt hesitated at Pearl Harbor to make a sneak attack. Comments such as this almost morally justify the actions of America in the minds of its citizens who had lost loved ones in the Pearl Harbor attack but, frankly the 2,403 military peoples lives sacrificed at pearl harbor doesnt compare with the hundreds of thousands lost in Japan due to the bombs. Byrnes comparison is hyperbolic and his obvious reckoning is that Japan deserved the attack and got what was coming to them. His exaggeration is heightened when he refers to the soldiers as boys who would be losing their lives, where in actual fact they were mentally formidable, highly skilled and trained killing machines, just as desperate for their lives as the Japanese were for their. Byrnes would have had to have upheld this point of view and couldnt possibly condemn these attacks as he had played a major part in them and the Japanese sacrifices were so hard to comprehend he had to maintain the attacks were full justified. I believe this memoir is very much designed to affirm this in public minds. I believed the atomic bomb would be successful and would force the Japanese to surrender on our terms furthers this point. The views of Nekrasov and Byrnes are almost incomparable due to the circumstances they were written/relayed. I would argue that they are both written mainly for the respective authors countries to induce sympathy in the minds of their readers for their cause. Censorship will have played a large part in the writing of Source F while Source G would have needed to justify the bombings. Question Five What are the Strengths and weaknesses of Source H as an interpretation on Hiroshima and Nagasaki? Source H is a video episode produced by the BBC for the World at War Series, produced in 1973 it is somewhat outdated for modern reference but offers a fantastic insight into the period and how the bomb affected some of those involved. I feel the video was produced from an impartial standing, the BBC are renowned for making solid documentaries and historical references and presenting the argument as fairly as possible, using all the resources they have to their disposal. I dont believe that we can rely on the reputation of the BBC completely. They perhaps would have produced the video with the intentions of being broad minded and covering every aspect but of course some factors prevented this from taking place. The video is, at times slightly biased towards the US and how they went about the events of 1945. A viewer sees a great deal of the American perspective while watching the video, some Japanese perspective and no Russian perspective. The lack of Russias involvement in the making of the video is of course due to the cold war, such was the censorship in the country at the time. This is a major weakness in the video as a viewer would not be able to assimilate the controversy over the dropping of the bomb. The Americans interviewed on the video could be seen as quite arrogant, they seem to speak in statistics rather than about the inhumane events, mass loss of life and Japanese devastation. This in many ways is a strength of the video, it perhaps shows that the attitude of the Americans was still quite bitter and suggest they have few regrets about dropping the bomb. I feel that the Japanese people interviewed were not as comprehensively portrayed as the Americans. The Americans, especially one of the pilots talking about the bombing, were very militant, seeming to forget about the repercussions of the dropping of the bomb affecting the Japanese. The pilot being interviewed was quite casual and came across as quite scientific. The Japanese interviewed seemed to be surprisingly calm about the attack, they described this physical effects but perhaps didnt highlight the political issues from their point of view. This is a weakness of the video as it means again the viewers cannot get the full picture of the exact scenario. The purpose of the video is to give a good account, this I believe it does. I feel at some points it focuses too much on the strengths of America. I suppose that it is, being a British video, going to compliment their ally and support them in order to project a positive view to the British public. This can be seen as a weakness but in some ways a strength revealing British perception of America, 1945 in general and the decision to drop the bomb. The BBC can be criticized for being selective when relaying facts and figures, they make America look more powerful and portray them in a better light by giving detailed factual analysis while not exploring the true implications of the bombing. The video, overall, is a strong source of study, it isnt overly biased but at times it lacks a rounded viewpoint. I feel that given the time it was produced the BBC couldnt have possibly make the video impartial as Russia were engaged in the Cold War. Being allies with America the BBC have hinted on the US being a very powerful nation and were in the right. Perhaps the biggest thing we can take from this video is the British opinion of the raids over anything else. Dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was necessary to end the war quickly. Do Sources A to H prove that this interpretation is correct? Explain your answer using all the sources and your own knowledge. Yes the Sources A to H do support this statement. The sources tend to agree that the war would end after the dropping of the bombs, though some refer to conventional warfare and its ability to end the war just as quickly. Although some of the sources say that it wasnt necessary to drop the bombs to end the war. Of course the eventual outcome of the dropping of the bomb proved that it was in fact, a means to end the war immediately. I have discussed the resilience of the Japanese people and Source A clearly gives the impression that the Americans felt that the Japanese could not be broken down without substantial loss of troops and in turn a lot of wasted time. It states that the atom bomb contains the equivalent power of 2000 of their super fortress bombs, a sizeable figure which reflects the power of this bomb compared to conventional warfare. By this account, the dropping of the bomb was time effective, and would end the war immediately. This leaflet, dropped after the first raid would have been alarming to the Japanese but even then they did not carry out the wishes of the leaflet and petition their emperor to a great enough extent. This re-enforces how morally determined the Japanese were collectively and the extent of conventional warfare that would have been needed to finally end the war and allow the US to turn their attentions back to the area of Europe and combating the Soviet Union. There is little to take from Source B, apart from the fact that the dropping of the bomb was perhaps not as co-ordinated as it should have been. The dropping of the bomb should and could have been more focussed on military targets and it is clear to see that civilian establishments in this instance have suffered. This source therefore suggests to me that perhaps the use of the atomic bombs was not completely necessary as military targets could have been dealt with on a smaller scale. Source B definitively shows that the atomic bomb was a complete solution, furthermore it was one that encompassed the wiping out of the Japanese public around these areas and the loss of innocent lives. The results of the bomb depicted by Source B show that, inevitably, it would have ended the war, but counter arguments can be raised from this as to how crucial destruction on this scale was in ending the war. I have previously mentioned how Source C contradicts Source B and that it has been written under the pretence of a diary which could lead to untruths. Source C gives us a good impression of how Truman wanted to be presented, and we can take from this that he wanted to make it absolutely clear that it was necessary to drop these powerful bombs over Japan. The source, a good representation of what Truman actually thought or not clearly takes the stance that America have persisted enough and that the Japanese were unlikely to surrender even after having received a warning. Truman makes out that America have been lenient in giving the Japanese a chance to surrender, showing some remorse. His sympathy demonstrated within this source at times points towards him believing that dropping the bomb is completely necessary under the circumstances and the sacrifices Japan would incur are inevitable but ultimately for the best. His closing statement is certainly very interesting as far as this question goes. Not only does it make him out to be an intelligent man but also suggests that he is using the bombs for entirely the right reasons and not the wrong reasons, It is certainly a good thing fro the world that Hitlers crowd or Stalins did not discover this atomic bomb. Source D, in contrast is evidently anti the dropping of the bomb and indicates that the dropping was perhaps not a necessary move to end the war immediately. The Source starts off by saying, In Hiroshima 70 000 Japanese died. Hundreds more died from radiation sickness in the years which followed immediately condemning the raids and highlighting the devastation experienced by Japan. Source D is objective in saying that the immediacy of the end of the war was Trumans man reason for dropping the bomb, however. To counter this argument, Culpin has said that Truman was criticized because it was merely to test the bomb and justify its vast expense to the US economy. Although the impression Source D gives is objective I, on reading it got the feeling that Culpin felt the dropping of the bomb was unnecessary. Source E is one of the strongest sources against the idea that the dropping of the bomb is necessary to end the war quickly. The bottom caption Dont you see, they had to find out if it worked overrules the reasoning Truman had for using the bomb and suggests that the raids were purely scientific and completely inhumane. The picture is a very strong image provoking controversy in the minds of the public but it has to be considered that this is specifically drawn for a newspaper and that the situation will have been over exaggerated. It was also produced at the time documents were leaked about the bombing and this would have meant that the picture was reflecting the feeling at that time and had a slightly limited and condensed view of the reasoning for dropping the bomb. Taken at face value, Source F is the strongest source to disagree with the statement Dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was necessary to end the war quickly. This is obviously because of the conditions under which it was written, a censored viewpoint, definitively against America and geared towards provoking dislike for the US nation as a whole. We cannot therefore take Source F seriously but it does have some elements of truth about it. Diplomatic issues, as stated have been explained by some of the other sources, The purpose of the bombing was to frighten other countries, above all the Soviet Union. While this statement isnt entirely true its foundations point towards America having other intentions than wanting to end the war quickly. Written from the opposite side of the fence is Byrnes contribution, memoirs which had been taken some years later. His words tend to agree with the necessity of the raids. Again, this is from a heavily biased perspective and cannot be trusted. This source neither proves or disproves to a historian if the bomb was required in this case. Subjective opinions are hard to use when questioning such issues. We can take something quite significant from this though and that is the fact that this was written by the Secretary of State at the time. He would have had the advantage of considerably more knowledge than the general public and perhaps his view that the raid was a necessity is completely justified. While the previous source was only written by a Russian historian with limited access to information, only relying on public resources. Therefore, I feel the benefit of the doubt should be given to Byrnes, and his account to be considered more reliable. In turn the dropping of the bomb was a necessity. The World at War video is probably the most objective source out of all of them, it is the only one which allows several people from different backgrounds to contribute to the source. I feel it demonstrates that the dropping of the bombs was a necessary action to end the war immediately, it depicts how harsh the fighting had been in other confrontation areas between US and Japan and the sheer determination shown by Japan. From this the video demonstrates the amount of time it would have taken to prepare and implement conventional invasion and traditional air raids. The interviews give detailed reasoning from both sides of the spectrum which point to the might and ferocity of the Japanese and the pressures being put on America. It can be argued that as Source H includes the views of many different people, combined with cinematic hard evidence to prove several points. My interpretation of the video is that it proves the atomic raids were necessary to end the war and should be trusted due to its reliable producers and broadness of views. Each source has different factors to consider about whether it disproves or proves the statement Dropping the atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki was necessary to end the war quickly and these have to be taken in the context in which they were written.

Singapore’s Economic Competitiveness

Singapore’s Economic Competitiveness Introduction According to the global competitiveness report 2014-2015, Singapore has retained their place as the most competitive economies in the South East Asia. Singapore’s economic rank second in the world just behind the country Switzerland for the fourth consecutive. Singapore had owning an outstanding and stable performance across all the dimensions of the GCI. In addition, Singapore had tops the goods market efficiency pillar and ranks second in the labor market efficiency. Over decade years, Singapore unemployment rate has obviously decreasing, this refer Singapore’s labor force has strong active population toward to work in order stimulate the development to the country. Furthermore, Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Singapore tremendously expanded 3.20 percent in the first quarter 2015 over the previous quarter. 2.0 The Cause of the High Economic Competitiveness in Singapore Macroeconomic environment Regional Co-operation As the globalization permeates our modern world, change can be said to be only constant to Singapore. As Singapore celebrates its Jubilee year, contemplating where it stands in ASEAN is important to carve out a path to keep constantly develop to successful country. The future of Singapore should not only improve within it country to remain ahead and relevant, Singapore should also to consider how the world affects us. Hence, Singapore need to building stronger ties in between neighbors countries. The association of South East Asian nation known as ASEAN is a 12 member international body, that’s consists the country of: China, Thailand, Laos, Vietnam, Philippines, Brunei, Cambodia, Indonesia, Myanmar, Malaysia, India and Singapore. The objective of ASEAN is aim to promote collaboration and co-operation among its member states as well as to advance the interest of the region as whole, including economic and trade growth (). Singapore had a crucial role in building economic ties within the region of ASEAN, it lead Singapore economic market trading with ASEAN countries. As Asia’s most mature financial center, Singapore has a key role to play in ASEAN’s economic transformation. It attracted more public and private funding through export agencies or bank to invest Singapore to trade finance to allow more Asian companies to reach global market. As today prosperous of China, Singapore has to working with China to explore more new opportunities to maintain it economic position. Singapore integration with China will be inevitable in near future, it may allow Singapore be able to maintain independence through economic ties with the US market. According to China moving up the value chain, Singapore will need to build stronger diplomatic with China in order to further exploring Sino-Singapore co-investment in other market. The developing of Sino-Singapore co-investment will benefits to Singapore and even to ASEAN could be profitable as it rides on the trend of growing outbound Asian foreign direct investment to other high-growth market. Global Economic Outlook Global growth is forecast at 3.5 percent in 2015 and 3.8 percent in 2016, global economic growth remains moderate with uneven prospects across the main countries and regional. In year 2015, World Economic Outlook (WEO) report that the outlook of global advanced economic compare relative to last years has improving, while growth in emerging market and developing economies is projected to be lower, primarily reflecting weaker prospects for some large emerging market economies and oil-exporting countries. In the United States, underlying growth has remained solid all time. However, while lower energy prices have boosted growth momentum in the United States, they pose downside risk to the Canadian economy owing to the relatively large size of its energy sector. The economy of United Stated has been resilient to the weaker external conditions and the strengthening dollar. Besides that, United States has shown solid improvement into labor market and business as well as the consumer behavior. It may develop United States on labor market to recovery fast pace, boosting household incomes and confident. In the Europe area, activity was weaker than expected in the middle part of 2014 as private investment remained weak. Although growth was stronger than expected in fourth quarter, but uncertain still across countries. The substantial QE program carries out by the European Central Bank can have positive effect on sentiment, but whether it will product critical effect to boost the growth outlook is debated. In the financial market of Europe, pricing in the ECB policy actions positively remained supportive. ECB’s action will able to improve financial conditions in order to boost economic into the stronger momentum at end of 2015. Microeconomic Environment Improve Innovation and Reformation In the microeconomic environment of Singapore, Singapore improve it country innovation and reformation to increase competitiveness. These innovation and reformation allow Singapore boosts it economic to moving upward. An innovation and reformation can be created in many ways, which can be in sector of technological or sector of science innovation. No matter what type innovation or reformation is, it should helpful Singapore development into a modern city. New innovation and reformation will helps Singapore industries to save much time toward work and labor force. Innovations stands a vital role to transforming Singapore to developing country to a modern industries economy in one generation and keep innovating so Singapore will able to stay competitive in the global economy. Human Capability Singapore had strong education system to enhance it country human capability. Singapore student are aims high and they achieve a very good result. Education in Singapore is managed by Minister of Education (MOE), which control the development and administration of state school as well as has advisory and supervisory role in respect of private schools. MOE provided a good environment with capable leader and teachers and also perfect facilities to the youth which are helpful to develop student skill and knowledge in order to take Singapore forward to maintain it economic competitiveness in future. Moreover, Singapore education systems are best and has been recognize in the world, this bringing tremendously opportunity to Singapore residents which allow them to survive in global challenge. Singapore has achieved almost universal education at each level of schools which will able to enhance student human capability to prepare them for knowledge based-economic and help to build national i dentity. 3.0 The Challenge to Singapore’s economic competiveness Lacking of natural resource Singapore has limited land area and limited of natural resource, it will cause Singapore facing challenge to further developing without any of this natural resource. Singapore is a small island nation with over 5.3 million people, but it is face difficult problem with their insufficient of resource to supply to these 5.3 million residents. The major natural resources issue that Singapore facing are, limited natural freshwater resources and limited land availability presenting waste disposal problem and so on. It could lead the problems to Singapore that people have no access to clean water in time of future and quarter of people will lack adequate housing. Meanwhile, lack of resource will create wide-range problems such as unemployment, housing and people which will affect their life system. Domestically, Singapore does not have enough arable land to produce its own food, it heavily relies on imports which will result the price are extremely expensive to it residents. Lacking of natural resource will also slower down Singapore economic growth as well as affect to the overall GDP on economic development. With limited natural resource, Singapore will unable to produce more domestic goods to export to other countries which will become barriers to it economy when competitive to other developing country. Human Resource Development Hamper A confidence labor market is the great asset of country. Singapore labor market had insufficient skill and unskilled worker in today workforce. Due environment changing rapidly with the jobs, the criteria of jobs will be different and skill will need to change, it should not remain on the past. When worker lack of skill and unskilled to enter the workforce, it may take a certain time to train them in order to join workforce, more or less it will affect the productivity of Singapore hamper. Meanwhile, it will also affect Singapore economy downturn. When workers are unskilled, it may lead to low morale among worker which results in worker turnover. In addition, Singapore unemployment rate will be increase when worker didn’t adopt a new idea and new skill. Nevertheless, Singapore productivity rate will decrease due to unskilled worker not well knows to perform their jobs confidently. Unskilled worker spend considerable time to perform their jobs based on their own understanding which affect detriment of the work process. This could also lead errors and injury on workplace. Furthermore, supervisor and other worker need to spend time to monitoring unskilled worker, which detracts from their work and increases the amount of time necessary to complete production. Singapore facing uncertain economy problem which people unwilling continue upgrading and economics growth will be in period of recession. 4.0 The economic strategies and government policies for Singapore future improvement Energy efficiency and renewable resources As Singapore is city-state with lack land area to development, it is not particular rich in natural resources. The challenge that Singapore is facing on management water resource has been a country across the globe. Thus, Singapore has to carry out with an efficient water management policy to ensure sustainability of water over the period of time. Singapore should further devise water management strategies to manage limited water resource. Singapore should through research and technology to found an integrated with further carry effective and cost-efficient ways to solve water supply issue. Singapore’s national water agency PUB has implemented a policy to provide diversified supply of water. These plenty water supply consist the method of: local catchment water, imported water, highly-purified reclaimed water also known as NEWater and desalinated water. Moreover, the sustain increasing demand in energy, government of Singapore should developing the technology for various source of renewable resource in Singapore and to leverage on renewable resources to implement in large scale and commercially viable manner. Renewable resources have become a focal point of the environment movement in both politically and economically and energy obtained from renewable resources put less strain on the limited supply of non-renewable resources. Singapore government should use of bios mass as renewable resource. Bios mass is any derived organic matter, which is available on a renewable basis. On the other hand, bios mass able stored solar energy that can be converted into electricity or fuel. Singapore has great potential to harness solar energy due to this country located in the equatorial belt. Singapore able builds a solar power manufacturing plant to product solar energy. The solar energy plant able to produce wafer, cells and modules in the ways for used to generate solar power. Use Solar energy is lead to reduce the demand of electric current and solar power is much reliability than electricity. Urban Planning to Singapore An urban planning is planned for Singapore for a long-term sustainability to further developing Singapore to a better country. The main objective urban planning of Singapore is to priority ensuring catering for the economic growth and a good quality of life as well as maintains the clean garden city and making the best of using resources. An urban plan approach to sustainable development is far-sighted, holistic and comprehensive planning to Singapore, which able to help Singapore take into account of the global changing as well as future development through an integrate planning process. An urban planning is significantly in development future of Singapore, it should also offer a good quality of life for all residents. Thus, the key aspect of urban planning is in ensuring that housing is available and affordable. With over 50 million people in Singapore, land is important to set aside for variety of housing type to meet various types of needs and aspiration. So, the range to purchasing of house should provide from affordable and quality high rise public housing where allow 80 per cent of the population lives. As Singapore is the city to address complex urbanization and uncertain environmental challenges of the future, there is a necessary to seeking out viable new ideas, innovation, technologies and other solution to against with the global economic changing. That’s the reason why Singapore developing living laboratory. Numerous of companies and research institute are in partner with urban planning authority of Singapore developed new technologies and have been testing out the new urban solution that can be commercialized and replicated elsewhere. In order to Singapore create cooler and more comfortable environment that every people could enjoy, urban redevelopment authority also known as URA is leading an ongoing climatic mapping island-wide study that examines the impact of building, greenery and urban space on micro-climatic conditions like air flow and temperature. The aim of urban design study is to help Singapore design strategies that can leverage on climatic conditions to c reate better living environment. 5.0 Conclusion While the economy will move upward and downturn in the long run, it is hard predictable what will happen in the future development of Singapore. Singapore may face uneven challenge in the future, in keeping the economy strong, raising total fertility and further to growth competitiveness while global economy changing rapidly. However, with the government policy play important role to maintain upgrade and keep priming the economic development; this could lead Singapore to stand great confidence in against global economic competitiveness. In the global economic, Singapore remain confident that the global economy able to gain momentum due to US economy set accelerate to itself fastest pace and oil price remain low. With good reputation on trading experience in import, export market and shipping market, Singapore able to integrate with other countries develop more competitiveness market. More or less, it could also boost Singapore economy to a better result in consumer confidence. Singap ore will able to keep growing as modest city with it strong economic system in competitions of globalization

The Crime Survey For England And Wales Criminology Essay

The Crime Survey For England And Wales Criminology Essay The National Statistician in 2011 acknowledged that the exclusion of crimes against children from the BCS estimates has been considered a major gap. As a result, in 2009 the survey was extended to include children aged between 10 and 15 (Home Office Statistical Bulletin 2010/11, p. 20). This may help in gaining further knowledge of the full extent of crime in Britain, although this process also comes with its own limitations. The children may not be entirely accurate in their accounts, or fear what may happen to them after responding. The Crime Survey for England and Wales measures the extent of crime in England and Wales by asking people whether they have experienced any crime in the past year.  The survey has measured crime in this way since 1982 and is an important source of information for the government about the extent and nature of crime in England and Wales. It also aims to enquire information regarding the location and timing of crimes, the offenders characteristics and the relationship between victims and offenders (Office for National Statistics, 2012).    A separate survey (the Scottish Crime and Justice survey) measures the extent of crime in Scotland. The survey is conducted by TNS-BMRB on behalf of the Office for National Statistics. Evidence in support of this argument comes from The Home Office (2011) which stated: the BCS offers a more dependable measure of trends in crime as it has a consistent methodology and is unaffected by changes in levels of reporting to the police, recording practice or police activityHowever, the BCS does not aim to provide an absolute count of crime in England and Wales, but to produce estimates of crimes experienced by adults aged 16 and over resident in households. (Home Office Statistical News Release: Crime in England and Wales, 2010/11). Therefore, the survey is not representative of the whole population of Britain and cannot be used to give an overview picture of crime, due to the nature of its sample. Moreover, the survey does not cover all offences such as homicide, fraud and drug offences. On the other hand, police recorded figures have a greater coverage of offences compared to those of the BCS. For example, homicide is not covered by the surveys. Sexual victimisation questions are asked in a separate form, and results are not included in the main total of crime collected by the BCS, due to their delicate nature (Home Office, 2011). Office for National Statistics, 2012): Latest figures from the Crime Survey for England and Wales (CSEW) for the year ending June 2012 show a 6 per cent decrease in overall crime against adults compared with the previous years survey. This continues the downward trend in recorded crime, seen since 2004/05. (Ref 6, the Guardian) There were 9.1m reported crimes in 2011/12, according to the Crime Survey for England and Wales, but less than half as many 3.9m were recorded by the police. (Ref 13 Home Office, 2010/11, p. 15-16) Police recorded crime has been subject to major changes in recording practice over time, making interpretation of long-term trends for this series is difficult. The BCS and recorded crime provide generally good coverage of crime committed against the public, particularly for offences involving physical harm, loss or damage to property. Recorded crime is limited to those offences which come to the attention of the police, and is affected by changes to reporting rates, recording practice and police activity. Thus for the crime types and population it covers, the BCS is the best long-term measure of crime trends. However, the BCS is limited in its coverage to crimes against those residents in households and so cannot cover all crime types (for example, homicide, crimes against businesses and other organisations and drug possession). Crime is recorded according to the victims account of events, rather than requiring criminal intent to be proven. Th e BCS asks about individuals experience of crime, irrespective of what action was subsequently taken. For police recorded crime, the victim-focused approach is enshrined in the National Crime Recording Standard (NCRS).The NCRS states that all incidents reported by a victim to the police should be recorded, if the events described amount to a crime in law and unless there is credible evidence to the contrary. The drop in crime since the mid-1990s is because of improved property and vehicle security, economic influences, social change, use of CCTV and other local crime reduction initiatives and changes in policing and the wider criminal justice system. Pg. 22: A range of non-notifiable crimes may be dealt with by the issuing of a Penalty Notice for Disorder, a Fixed Penalty Notice or prosecution at a magistrates court. Along with non-notifiable offences dealt with by the police (such as speeding), these include many offences that may be dealt with by other agencies for example, prose cutions by TV Licensing or by the DVLA for vehicle registration offences. These counts only relate to offences where action has been brought against an offender and guilt has either been ascertained in court, or the offender has admitted culpability through acceptance of a penalty notice. These crimes generally only come to light through the relevant authorities actively looking to identify offending behaviour. However, they do illustrate that, taking the broadest definition of crime, the main BCS and Recorded Crime statistics only cover a fraction of total criminal behaviour. Crime and society in Britain, Hazel Croall, 2011, p. 40: The role of victims and the public varies with the offence. Some maybe relatively invisible or the victim is totally unaware of any harm or actions regarded abnormal. For example the sexual abuse of children takes place in a private and children are often unaware that something is wrong. Some incidents such as theft at work may result in dismissal only and not involve criminal proceeding. Such incidents are therefore missed out in total crime accounted for by the police records and CSEW. Croall, 2011, Pg. 51: victim surveys use standard classifications of crime missing out white collar and financial crimes, the CSEW is based on households omitting organisations such as businesses, hospitals, schools and care homes, omitting young teenagers and kids, respondents definitions of crime are limited by their memory and restricted to crimes which they are aware of and miss out those they cannot detect themselves, the surveys capture s ingle incidents and underestimate the full extent of repeat victimisation. Pg. 52: self-report surveys that find out how many times the population have participated in criminal activity, provide more detail about the class, age sex or race of those that have admitted to offending. They are often used with young people and therefore provide extremely valuable information about participation in crime. However respondents, particularly children, may be afraid to answer properly as they fear parents might see their answers, or others may exaggerate, hence affecting the accuracy of responses given. These surveys have been restricted to young people making it harder to question other groups of people such as senior executive about embezzlement. Pg. 60: Muir 2010 found that crime has always been and remains higher in England and Wales than in Scotland and Northern Ireland having much lower levels of crime, using a comparison of crime surveys across the UK for 2008/9 figures. Pg. 61: Moreov er, Higgins and Millard 2009 argue that Wales which is generally combined with England has lower rates for most types than England. Tierney, 2006, Pg. 34: before 1992, the BCS used to survey households randomly chosen from electoral registers, however thereafter, the Postcode Address File was used. Pg. 35: Although the BCS provides large numbers of crime incidents not present in police recorded crime figures, this only applies to certain offence categories, rather than crime in general. Pg. 38-39: victim surveys just like police recorded crimes; do not pick up all criminal offences, such as for those under 16 years. Including corporate and organised plus occupational crimes; theft from businesses (shoplifting, insurance fraud), criminal damage, or crimes without victims, plus taxation and social security fraud. Victims may be scared, embarrassed or unaware they are victims. Pg. 41: according to class conflict theories, statistics provide an insight into the class based nature of the criminal justice system, as well as being manipulated to suit the interests of the powerful plus provide indicators of the inequalit ies and biases inherent in the system itself and in a capitalist society in general. Also one must consider the links between criminal activity, police clear up rates and various community-based initiatives. Tierney, 2006, Pg. 44: changes to counting rules in 1998 mainly affected violent crime and led to some previously less serious, non-notifiable assaults being categorised as notifiable. In 2002, police had to take victims account at face value, until proven otherwise, resulting in increasing the number of offences recorded. This is a further illustration of the socially constructed nature of criminal statistics. Pg. 20: Maguire 1994 suggests crime itself is a social contrast and statistics that relate to it are socially constructed. Croall, 2011, p. 42: the higher rates of reporting property crimes, especially car thefts, result from the requirements of insurance policies. Potential crimes come to the attention of police and other law enforcement agencies by being directly encountered or reported, with the majority being reported to the police by the public (Maguire 2007). Law enforcement decisions affect all subsequent stages when a crime is encountered or reported. Not all complaints are recorded, creating a distinction between offences reported to and recorded by the police. Offences may not be recorded because they are not regarded as sufficiently serious or defined as involving no crime (Coleman and Moynihan, 1996). Croall, 2011: Changes were made in police recording procedures following the introduction of the national crime recording standards (NCRS) in 2002. These have a major impact on the reliability of official statistics, especially as recording practices in different areas and jurisdictions may vary , complicating any comparisons. They also affect overall increases and decreases and changes can create apparent crime waves. Recorded crime series were affected by new counting rules from 1998 onwards and by the NCRS from 2002 onwards. Pg. 44:.most police forces are encouraged to be cost effective and as a result successive governments have introduced diversionary schemes where offences are dealt with out of court such as on-the-spot fines. This underlines the existence of an unknowable dark figure of crime which is never recorded in the official statistics. Therefore officially recorded crimes and convicted offenders are those that have survived the process of attrition and are not representative of all who break the criminal law. Pg. 45: crimes which are more visible and take place in public are more likely to be processed than those taking place in private. For example street crimes of young people are more likely to be counted than crimes of white collar offenders which take pl ace in the offices or crimes which take place in the home, further distorting the relationships between age, gender or social class and offending. Variations in the proportions of crimes counted means that it can rarely be said with any certainty that any particular kind of crime is rising or falling, as any apparent increases or decreases could merely represent a change in the proportion of crimes reported to or recorded by the agencies. Changes in police recording practices can create crime waves or alternatively reductions in crime. On the other hand, more policing can increase crime rates, by catching more and recording more crime. Home office, stats bulletin, 2010/11, Pg. 24: Together they provide a more comprehensive picture than could be obtained from either series alone. However, neither the BCS nor police recorded crime aim to provide complete counts of crime. The coverage of police recorded crime statistics is defined by the Notifiable Offence List1, which includes a broad range of offences, from murder to minor criminal damage, theft and public order offences. However, there are some, mainly less serious offences that are excluded from the recorded crime collection. These non-notifiable crimes include many incidents that might generally considered to be anti-social behaviour but that may also be crimes in law (including bye-laws) such as littering, begging and drunkenness. Other non-notifiable offences include driving under the influence of alcohol, parking offences and TV licence evasion. The survey also excludes some other offences for which it may not be possible to collect robust estimates of crime l evels (such as sexual offences). However, the BCS does capture other information about such offences. The BCS is a face-to-face victimisation survey in which people resident in households in England and Wales are asked about their experiences of crime in the 12 months prior to interview. Until recently the BCS did not cover crimes against those aged under 16, but since January 2009 interviews have been carried out with children aged 10 to 15. Experimental statistics for children are shown separately. Pg. 26: For the crime types and population it covers, the BCS provides a better reflection of the extent of household and personal crime than police recorded statistics because it includes crimes that are not reported to or recorded by the police. The BCS is also a better indicator of long-term trends because it is unaffected by changes in levels of reporting to the police or by police recording practices. Although the focus of ensuring comparability over time means that the BCS does no t include some relatively new crimes in its main crime count, such as plastic card fraud, these are asked about and presented. BCS estimates for 2010/11 are based on face-to-face interviews with 46,754 respondents. The BCS has a high response rate (76%) and the survey is weighted to adjust for possible non-response bias and to ensure the sample reflects the profile of the general population. Being based on a sample survey, BCS estimates are subject to a margin of error. Police recorded crime statistics are administrative data based on notifiable crimes that are reported to and recorded by the police in England and Wales. Unlike the BCS, recorded crime includes crime against commercial and public sector bodies, and so-called victimless crimes (such as drug possession offences). Recorded crime figures provide a good measure of trends in well-reported crimes (in particular, homicide, which is not covered by the BCS), can be used for local crime pattern analysis and are important indicators of police workload. However, there are also categories of crime whose numbers are heavily influenced by the extent to which police proactively investigate. Police recording practice is governed by the National Crime Recording Standard (NCRS). The NCRS was introduced nationally in April 2002 to ensure greater consistency and transparency of crime recording between forces, together with a victim focus where crimes reported by the public are recorded unless there is credible evidence to the contrary. Crime data are collected from police forces for each crime within the Notifiable Offence List and according to Home Office Counting Rules. Police recorded crime figures should be seen as a product of an administrative system where rules can be subject to different interpretation a nd, for some categories of crime, can reflect police workload and activity rather than underlying levels of crime. Pg. 27: While the coverage differs both in terms of offence types and population groups, property crime accounts for the majority of both BCS and recorded crime (77% and 70% respectively) with violence, including robbery, accounting for most of the remainder 23 per cent of BCS crime and 22 per cent of recorded crime. Pg. 17; the introduction of the NCRS in April 2002 considerably increased the recording of less serious violent crime by the police and figures are not directly comparable across this break in the series. Philip Schlesinger Howard Tumber, 1999, Pg. 7: new forms of crime have emerged: hard drug trafficking, terrorism and corporate fraud. Page 144: developments in police work such as computer use and forensic science, this allows for more crime to be detected. Newburn, 2012, the guardian: theft has become much more difficult.  Then there is surveillance. While the impact of CCTV is generally much less than one would imagine given how widespread it has become, it is effective in some areas and is an aid to the police and private security. There are now more police officers than there were 20 years ago. Add in  Police Community Support Officers (PCSOs) security guards and the gradual re-emergence of other jobs with a partial safety and security focus (ticket inspectors, caretakers, park keepers and the rest) and you have a substantial expansion of the eyes and ears available for crime prevention. Home Office Statistical Bulletin, 2010/11: Pg 29-30: BCS crime fell markedly between 1995 and the 2004/05 BCS. Since 2004/05 the underlying trend in BCS crime has continued to be downward, although at a slower rate and with some fluctuation in year-to-year estimates. Recorded crime fell each year until 1998/99 when the expanded coverage and changes in the Counting Rules resulted in an increase in recorded offences; this was followed by the introduction of the NCRS in April 2002, although some forces adopted NCRS practices before the standard was formally introduced. The introduction of NCRS led to a rise in recording in 2002/03 and, particularly for less serious violent crime, in following years as forces continued to improve compliance with the new standard. From 2001/02 to 2003/04 there was considerable divergence in the trends for BCS and police recorded crime, mainly associated with police recording changes (which particularly influenced violence against the person). Since 2003/0 4, despite some fluctuations, trends have been more consistent between the two series.

The Power And The Glory :: essays research papers

As countless people in a third world country fall to the ravages of poverty and disease, a single woman fights to make a difference. Living a spartan life, through conditions far from humane, she helps those who are poor, suffering and sick, with total disregard for her own personal comfort. One might say that this woman is a saint and for many she already is. Her selfless abandon to help those in need makes her virtuous to a heroic degree. Her name is Mother Theresa. By stark contrast, the whisky priest can hardly be classified as a saint. A saint is an individual remarkably free from human weaknesses. The whisky priest however, is the incarnate of human failings: a sinner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Priests are respected members of their communities and should exemplify what it is to be a Christian. They are model citizens who practice the teachings of Christ and take on the responsibilities of their title. Under the circumstances of an anti-clerical purge in the southern states of Mexico, it is understandable that the whiskey priest is unable to perform all of his priestly duties for fear of his life. To survive, he must lie, cheat and steal to avoid the law. These tactics however, are not new to him. Even before the purge, he is a priest that is hardly good and honest. By requiring a fee for services such as baptism, at a price of two pesos a head, he is no better that the common thief. Families that can hardly put food on the table are asked to pay for a service that should be given, not sold. The fees for his services are most often directed to luxuries such as brandy, his personal favorite.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a man whose calling is to serve the people, the whisky priest does nothing but serve himself. When the villagers ask the priest to hear their confessions, he unwillingly complies. He is compelled only by his sense of duty and angrily responds, 'Oh let them come. Let them all come, I am your servant.'; (p. 45) He begins to weep not for their sins, but in pity for himself. He does not perform his tasks graciously but feels that they are a chore imposed on him. A priest's duties are not to himself but to God and his neighbours. When the whisky priest prays, it is only for his daughter and no one else. The Power And The Glory :: essays research papers As countless people in a third world country fall to the ravages of poverty and disease, a single woman fights to make a difference. Living a spartan life, through conditions far from humane, she helps those who are poor, suffering and sick, with total disregard for her own personal comfort. One might say that this woman is a saint and for many she already is. Her selfless abandon to help those in need makes her virtuous to a heroic degree. Her name is Mother Theresa. By stark contrast, the whisky priest can hardly be classified as a saint. A saint is an individual remarkably free from human weaknesses. The whisky priest however, is the incarnate of human failings: a sinner.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Priests are respected members of their communities and should exemplify what it is to be a Christian. They are model citizens who practice the teachings of Christ and take on the responsibilities of their title. Under the circumstances of an anti-clerical purge in the southern states of Mexico, it is understandable that the whiskey priest is unable to perform all of his priestly duties for fear of his life. To survive, he must lie, cheat and steal to avoid the law. These tactics however, are not new to him. Even before the purge, he is a priest that is hardly good and honest. By requiring a fee for services such as baptism, at a price of two pesos a head, he is no better that the common thief. Families that can hardly put food on the table are asked to pay for a service that should be given, not sold. The fees for his services are most often directed to luxuries such as brandy, his personal favorite.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As a man whose calling is to serve the people, the whisky priest does nothing but serve himself. When the villagers ask the priest to hear their confessions, he unwillingly complies. He is compelled only by his sense of duty and angrily responds, 'Oh let them come. Let them all come, I am your servant.'; (p. 45) He begins to weep not for their sins, but in pity for himself. He does not perform his tasks graciously but feels that they are a chore imposed on him. A priest's duties are not to himself but to God and his neighbours. When the whisky priest prays, it is only for his daughter and no one else.

Freedom of Expression on the Internet: Comparison between Canada and the United States :: Free Speech in Cyberspace

I. Introduction â€Å"Congress shall make no law †¦ abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press †¦Ã¢â‚¬  as stated by the First Amendment of the United States Constitution[1]. Most subsequent democracies have adopted this view as well, believing that it is a fundamental part of what makes a democratic system effective. For example, Canada has given their citizens the right to freedom of speech; but like the United States, they have placed certain limitations which restrict its usage. The limitations were put in place because the right to free speech had been abused, especially when considering its use in cyberspace. Freedom of speech in cyberspace is inherently a global issue because the Internet is so pervasive, so Canada and the United States are being extremely cautious by using preventative techniques. After looking at the ethical issues involved, I believe that speech in cyberspace should not be completely â€Å"free† and should be regulated by increasing the security me asures placed on Internet websites. II. Background In order to thoroughly grasp the significance of free speech in cyberspace, it is important to review the basics of free speech in general. Free speech is â€Å"the right to express any opinion in public without censorship or restraint by the government,† but also the right to listen/read/watch another person’s right to free speech.[2] Although this definition states that the government cannot use censorship, the government has afforded itself some loopholes. The Fourteenth Amendment extends the right of free speech to state and local governments as well as government-run institutions (public schools, colleges, and universities). Private schools are not restricted, yet most choose to adopt the policies of free speech anyways or are mandated to do so by the state governments.[3] The key words to notice here are â€Å"public† and â€Å"private†, as they can easily demonstrate the right to free speech. If the free speech takes place in a public forum, such as in books or at the park, then it cannot be censored. However, if it takes place in a private forum, such as within a private building or organization, then the free speech can be censored. The Canadian government provided a constitutional guarantee of freedom of expression in 1981 under the Charter of Rights and Freedoms. However, the Canadian courts have used Section 1 of the Charter (provides that all rights are subject to such reasonable limits as can be justified in a free and democratic society) to â€Å"justify various forms of censorship.

Autism Essays -- essays research papers

Diagnostic Summary Paper AUTISM Autism is a disorder that impairs the development of a person's capacity to interact with, communicate with, and also maintain regular "normal" bonds with the outside world. This disorder was described in 1943 by Leo Kanner, an American psychologist. Autism is considered one of the more common developmental disabilities, and appears before the age of three. It is known to be four or five times more common in males than in females. It most cited statistic is that autism occurs in 4.5 out of 10,000 live births. The estimate of children having autistic qualities is reported to be 15 to 20 out of 10,000. The gender statement noted before is not uncommon, since many developmental disabilities have a greater male to female ratio. Autistic characteristics are different from birth. Two more common characteristics that may be exhibited are the arching of the back while being held, to avoid contact, and also failing to anticipate being picked up (limpness in the body). Infants with autism are described as being either very passive, or very agitated. Sometimes during infancy there will be cases of head rocking, and or banging, against the crib, but this is not always the case. Approximately one-third of children develop normally until the ages of 1 1/2 to 3, and then the symptoms emerge, referred to as "regressive autism." During childhood, there is a commonality of the affected child insisting routine. The reasoning is that the chil...

Why Tobacco Advertising Should Be Made Illigal

Tobacco advertising should be made illegal. First of all it is correspondent with growing death rate. In average, over 400  000 people die from tobacco usage every year. We should not support tobacco advertising when it is harmful to everyone. The only kind of advertising that has to deal with tobacco should be associated with stop smoking.Such advertising should help people to bring up smoking or should inform people about risks of smoking and about consequences that are involved. Comprehensive bans on tobacco advertising and promoting can result in a considerable reduction of tobacco consumption on a national level. Tobacco advertising should be banned from television, billboards, magazines, the internet and other places where one might find the advertising.Tobacco advertising is one of the worst kinds of advertising because it is pretty much telling everyone that it is okay to smoke because others are doing it also. Furthermore, tobacco advertising must be forbidden because it w ould be the most effective among teenagers, the easiest to be influenced by bad examples, fashions and emulation because of their psychological immaturity that lead them to adopt smoking as a mask to appear and feel themselves more adult.Tobacco advertising must be banned forever only thinking to how much the cures against cancer, too frequently useless, are expensive for the sanitary systems of all the world; these very high costs have surely never been paid by tobacco multinationals, except for the damages paid, after recent long trials, to a minimum part of the victims of this â€Å"trendy† and â€Å"safe† vice.

Ky School for the Deaf Changes Essay

No one is sure exactly what will become of Kentucky School for the Deaf campus. The school is rich in history of Danville and even houses its own museum in one of the buildings. Kentucky School for the Deaf was first established in 1823 and although it is not the first school for the deaf in the United States it is the first state funded school for the deaf. Several books have been written about the history of KSD. The entire book, A Centennial History of the Kentucky School for the Deaf by Charles Paxton, can be viewed online through the Kentuckiana Digital Library. Another book, published in 1973, is the History of the Kentucky School for the Deaf, 1923-1973, written by James B. Beauchamp and published by the KSD Alumni Association. In the late 70’s and early 80’s Kentucky School for the Deaf was thriving when enrollment reached its high at 440 students. Most of these students lived on campus and only went home once a month. There was a staff of 220 at that time. Today’s enrollment is about 130 students, of which approximately 75 are dorm who live on campus during the week. The remaining are day students bused in from surrounding counties. Many deaf students who once attended KSD are now mainstreamed into public schools in their home counties. Staff has been cut to 150. KSD has a campus of approximately 166 acres near the center of Danville. Some of this land was declared surplus land by the Kentucky Board of Education several years ago. The proposal was made to reduce campus size to 50 acres and to demolish several buildings. The campus at one time had 14 buildings. These include Argo-McClure Hall, built in 1964. It houses Technology classes for middle and high school students. Kerr Hall houses high school and middle school classes and Walker Hall is a self contained elementary school. Middleton Hall is the boy’s dormitory while Brady Hall is the girl’s dorm as well as where the infirmary and office are located. Grow Hall is the cafeteria for high school and middle school. Thomas Hall is the high school gymnasium as well as containing the Student Grille, Swimming pool and Athletic offices Jacobs Hall is KSD’s historical museum and is one of the oldest buildings on campus. It is listed as a National historic Landmark (Bill Macentire, Kentucky Landmarks) and shows student dorms and classrooms from the 1850’s. Because of this it can not be sold or demolished. Beauchamp Hall and Fosdick Hall are empty buildings that once housed boys and girls dorms. Bruce Hall is currently being used as an alternative learning school by the Danville Independent and Boyle County Schools. Barbee Hall has been rented to Danville Independent Schools for offices for several years. Old Lee Hall, facing South Third Street was built in 1958 and used for girls vocational classes. It was razed in 2010. It had sat empty for many years and fallen into disrepair. It had become very much an eyesore to the community but was in such bad shape it could not be renovated. The newer Lee Hall, facing South Second Street, once housed the middle school. It has sat empty for many years after mold was discovered growing in the basement. Some say the building was cleaned and repairs made to heating and air conditioning system and that the third floor apartments are now used to house dignitaries who visit. But one never sees any activity happening at the building. There was some talk that the building may one day be renovated to use as the elementary school. In 2004 a Master Plan was developed for KSD. The plan recommended the number of buildings be reduced from 17 to seven. The new campus would include Argo-McClure, Brady, Jacobs, Kerr, Middleton and Thomas halls and a new elementary school would be built at a cost of 6. 5 million. Beauchamp, Fosdick and Grow Halls would be torn down. Barbee, Bruce, Lee, Rogers and Walker Halls, the laundry and power plant and engineers home would be sold and the proceeds used to fund future needs for the campus. Last week Rogers Hall demolition began. Rogers Hall has been closed for many years having been declared unsafe by the state. It was the elementary school gymnasium. Currently the elementary school does not have a gym and uses a large classroom as its gymnasium. Also last week asbestos was discovered at Grow Hall. Now the middle and high school students are having to walk half a mile to Walker Hall to eat their meals in the cafeteria there. Many are complaining about the long walk in the cold and icy conditions. No one is sure when Grow Hall will reopen. Although the state at one time had money set aside for the building of the new school this has not happened. Now they are looking to save money. A better solution might be to use the newer Brady Hall. It already contains dorms, classrooms, a large kitchen area, a gymnasium, offices, even an infirmary. It is quite a large building and would easily accommodate the 130 students currently enrolled at KSD. KSD future seems uncertain but there is always hope for a better tomorrow. Works Cited Fosdick, Charles P. Centennial. History of the Kentucky School for the Deaf, Danville, Kentucky. 1923. Web. 8 Feb2011 Hudson, John W. Jr. Special collections-Kentucky School for the Deaf. Grace Daughtery Library. Centre College. 2002. 8 Feb 2011 MacEntire, Bill. Kentucky Landmarks. 2009. 8 Web. 2011.

Preferred language style Essay

Hypoglycemia is a condition in which the glucose level present in the blood drops to a level below the normal range. It can develop both in type 1 diabetes mellitus and type II diabetes mellitus. Frequently, this is a very severe health issue in diabetics and has severe effects. The physician may be able to identify and treat diabetic ketoacidosis and diabetic non-ketotic coma early, but hypoglycemia turns out to be a serious problem as it is often not recognized in diabetes. In certain cases, hypoglycemia occurs suddenly, and by the time one recognizes that they are hypoglycemic; it may be too late to take control of the situation. If hypoglycemia is left untreated for a long time, especially in a diabetic, the chances of permanent brain damage are very high. Hypoglycemia is also associated with several cardiovascular disorders such as heart attacks, stroke, cardiac failure and arrhythmias, myocardial ischemia, etc. In elders, the risk of losing consciousness and developing seizures is especially high. Associated injuries that develop during the hypoglycemic-associated complications such fractures, injuries to the legs, etc, may be especially problematic to heal in diabetics. Hypoglycemia in elders is responsible for causing visual and coordination problems. In elders, hypoglycemic symptoms are often perceived as symptoms of ischemia, both by the relatives and the healthcare professionals. This difficulty in recognizing the symptoms worsens the outcome of the disorder. As age increases, the symptoms of hypoglycemia become less severe, and are often altered by the addition of certain atypical symptoms and the absence of the regular ones. In younger individuals, physical symptoms of hypoglycemia develop earlier than that compared to loss of cognitive functions. Hence, the individual may have sufficient time to treat the condition. Besides, if the glucose levels in the blood fall to a very low level, it cannot be restored to normal by administering glucose orally. Usually a close relative or the spouse can recognize the symptoms of hypoglycemia by noting that the patient looks at a distance or demonstrates several other symptoms such as repeated blinking, loss of speaking skills, deep breathing, aggressiveness, etc. It may be considered that individuals with greater control over their diabetes are also in good control of hypoglycemia. Hypoglycemia can occur during fasting and even after consumption of food (as a reactionary mechanism). Hypoglycemia can occur following several drug therapies such as along with steroids, beta-blockers, ethanol, insulin, disopyramide, etc. Hypoglycemia can evidently lead to neuroglycemia. Although, 50 mg/dl of blood is considered to be hypoglycemia, symptoms are produced at 40 mg/dl, and coma and seizures frequently occur at 20 mg/dl. As hypoglycemia can occur frequently and has a high rate of mortality as well as morbidity, the importance of identifying and treating it should be explained to the patient and his/her relatives. The individual should be warned of the symptoms that could develop during the mild (confusion, light-headedness, etc), moderate (headache, behavior alternations, etc) and serious (seizures, coma, unconsciousness) stages of hypoglycemia. The individual should also be told of the situations in which hypoglycemia can commonly develop such as excessive consumption of anti-diabetic medications, excessive use of insulin, reduced consumption of foods, additional exercises or physical activity, alcohol consumption, etc. The individual should be advsied of the hypoglycemic symptoms that can develop during sleep (such as sweating, nightmare, hunger, etc). Thus it can be seen that hypoglycemia is a frequent complication especially in diabetes. It should be adequately controlled utilizing some simple precautions. In case the individual develops hypoglycemia, immediate recognition and emergency treatment is essential in order to prevent the development of neuroglycemia and serious complications like permanent brain damage. References: Boyle, P. J. (2000). Hypoglycemia, In. Leahy, N. L. , Clark, N. G. , and Cefalu, W. T. (Ed. ), Medical Management of Diabetes Mellitus, New York: Marcel-Dekher. Mangione, R. A. (1996). Recognition and Management of Hypoglycemia, Retrieved 14 Janaury, 2007, from US Pharmcist Web site: http://care.diabetesjournals.org/cgi/content/full/28/12/2948

Mental Freedom

Definition Essay- Mental Freedom It has been said that the mind is a powerful instrument and whatever the mind perceives, the body can achieve. Although these statements are used very often, the power that the mind holds is still underestimated in my opinion. Mental freedom means being able to express the constructive qualities of the mind easily and more understandably. These qualities include self-expression, analysis, responsibility, patience, etc. Though physical freedom is important, one should also remember that this physical liberty is almost insignificant without being mentally free.It is through this mental freedom that one can be able to have an open mind and be able to reach their highest potential. Also, being able to enlighten others and move forward as a community. However, this freedom is often overlooked because of the mindset of an individual, community or society on a whole. It is also not easily seen unless being contrasted by the term ‘mental slavery’ which is more commonly spoken about in society. The word mental means ‘of or relating to the mind’ and slavery means to be in a state of subjection.Slavery is also synonymous to the word bondage and emphasizes the idea of being controlled. Therefore, the phrase ‘mental slavery’ implies one’s thoughts being controlled by someone else and being forced to think the way that person does and not being able to express one’s personal train of thought. Being mentally enslaved is dangerous because it leads a person to eventually having a lack of individuality and readily accepting and believing what is told to them. In extreme cases, it may even lead to self-hate.When a person has this state of mind, it proposes many problems because it gives way to this person letting go of their culture, traditions, or heritage, and these are the qualities that allow society to be as diverse as it should be. One can almost say that mental bondage destroys a person p sychologically because they begin to lack, or no longer possess, originality. Having that lack of originality may be self-restricting as this is a quality that helps one to reach their highest potential.As the prolific and popular American writer, James F. Cooper, once said, â€Å"All greatness of character is dependent on individuality. The man who has no other existence than that, which he partakes in common with all around him, will never have any other than an existence of mediocrity. † Therefore, being mentally enslaved, or lacking that mental freedom, inhibits growth and causes one to create a mental prison for themselves, thus leaving no room for independence.Having that lack of independence may cause a person to be subjected to any kind of power from a majority, not necessarily because they hold the most legitimate viewpoints, but because they seem to be the strongest group. Henry David Thoreau, an American writer and philosopher best known for his attacks on American social institutions, believed firmly in the importance of independence, individuality and self-reliance.Thoreau spent a night in jail refusing to pay taxes in protestant of the Mexican War and disconnected himself from the American government ideologically to indicate his refusal of participation in their institutions. This was Thoreau’s mental freedom from the government’s view of slavery during the 1800’s and he was able to state this on paper when he wrote his essay Civil Disobedience which showed his objections against the actions of the government. Thoreau’s essay spoke about transcendentalism, a philosophy that shows the importance of mental freedom.This philosophy rejects the idea that knowledge can be fully derived from observations of the physical world or through the experiences of others, but rather through the individual examining how they came to know things. This idea targets the individual analyzing their own thought-process and focusing o n their own connections and experiences which can only exist through intuition and feeling, and not through the information or thoughts others try to feed them.According to this philosophy, through mental freedom, one should be able to gain self-reliance and individuality which is critical for people to find truths within themselves and live their lives through reason and not based solely on the opinions of others. Another famous writer whose work demonstrates the importance of mental freedom is Fredrick Douglass. However, in this case, Douglass was not only mentally enslaved but also physically a slave. In his autobiography, Narrative of the Life of Fredrick Douglass, An American Slave, he tells his story of being born a slave and the struggle it took to really know what hat meant. As he gets older, he is taught an important lesson, the power of literacy, after his master forces his wife to stop teaching a young Douglass how to read. Fredrick Douglass then determines to continue hi s education by befriending white children and learning how to read and write from them. This is the point in his life where he realizes one can only be kept in slavery as long as they are in ignorance. Douglass then becomes mentally emancipated from the idea of him having to be someone’s slave and destines that he would no longer have someone control him.In the future, he is able to buy his physical freedom from his slave master and become a famous antislavery writer that tells his story about how he broke away from bondage and helps others still caught in its trap. From the story of Fredrick Douglass, one can see that just his refusal to accept himself as a slave and not be limited to what his masters wanted of him, he was able to reach his full potential and also enrich the lives of others who need to gain mental liberty. Also, his mental freedom led to his physical freedom.Through the experiences of Thoreau, Douglass and other daily examples in society, such as inner city teens limiting themselves by not going to college because they see it pointless if they are not as privileged as other children with well-paying jobs and careers, one can see how important it is to be mentally free and not create psychological prisons for oneself. Mental freedom means showcasing and expressing individuality and building up motivation and confidence within that individual.It also means exhausting the possibilities of restricting oneself to a point that someone else thought they should not pass and enlightening others on their way to exceeding those restrictions. An enslaved mind is like a blind person; they only know the world through the opinions of others around them, but unless that blind person decides to help themselves, or that person decided to be mentally free, then can they have their personal experiences that give way to a higher potential in life.