School Leadership Contributes To Student Achievement Education Essay

The 7 Best Places to Find High Paying Ghostwriting Jobs

The 7 Best Places to Find High Paying Ghostwriting Jobs After my first article about winning large as a professional writer on FundsforWriters, the following evident inquiry such huge numbers of journalists posed was the place to discover customers that pay well for secretly composing employments. Following you’ll discover seven lucrative markets for professional writers. While there are a lot of sites and entrances that offer secret writing gigs, a large portion of these don't pay well. It appears to be counterproductive to part with your difficult work for a concession and not reserve the option to guarantee it as yours. Fortunately not all sites are made equivalent, and spots exist with well-paying tasks with the potential for long haul work. Burrow past the typical independent sites like Upwork, Freelancer or Fiverr. The normal gigs here are present moment and in the low-to-mid range. Additionally, hardened rivalry drives down the on-going rates further. Upwork highlights an Enterprise Program for chosen specialists while Fiverr offers you to apply for Fiverr Pro on the off chance that you meet their measures. The gigs there are very much evaluated, yet tragically, they are not open to all. Seven Better Places to Find Profitable Ghostwriting Jobs 1.â â  LinkedIn ProFinder†This is another assistance propelled 2.â â  Working Nomads†Working Nomads is probably the best spot to secure remote working positions including secretly composing. The site was set up to interface independent experts with exploring organizations. Simply the best occupations are posted here as each occupation post costs the business $149. Advanced wanderers frequently bring home five-to six-figure income. 3.    Freelancewriting†Open since 1997, Freelancewriting is a vocation load up facilitating both full-time just as low maintenance gigs for professional writers. Most employments are in the five-figure go (for all day work). 4.â â  Scripted†Scripted sets exceptionally exclusive expectations for its scholars and has a noteworthy arrangement of customers, with a severe enlisting process. When you are in, you access the absolute best secret writing gigs accessible. There is a base recommended rate for each composing class. This guarantees a base payout for every gig and undermining isn't permitted. 5.â â  Writers.work†An independent composing work aggregator, this website filters through the web to select the best gigs and conveys them as a summary to your dashboard. It is a compensation for-participation administration however absolutely worth the cost. 6.â â  Remote As the name proposes, remote highlights just remote occupations. They are generally generously compensated, as well. No big surprise it has over 2.5 million experts, including professional writers, associated. Furthermore, the number is developing each day. Remote uses a clever AI-based coordinating framework to foresee a high likelihood for work achievement. 7.â â  ProBlogger Job Board Established in 2004 as a learning guide on bringing in cash as a blogger, Problogger has now become a freelancer’s go-to webpage for its activity board. Customers need to pay to promote their necessities to its tremendous database of journalists. That’s why the employments publicized are greatly improved paid than those on content plants. Joining independent employment aggregators like Periodix or buying in with Freedom with Writingâ can additionally make the pursuit simpler without you going through hours every day scouring the net. Moreover, joining the Association of Ghostwriters or Nonfiction Authors Associationâ will not just assist you with building your believability as a professional writer, it will assist you with landing quality position leads.

The Essentials of Placement Test Essay Samples and Writing Tests

The Essentials of Placement Test Essay Samples and Writing TestsProminent placement test essay samples and writing tests are the most important elements of the college career and the student's application. Those who pass such written tests must be able to show that they have learned and retained their academic information, including the analytical skills necessary for handling the topic material. It is crucial that a student can write a complete essay, as this is the first impression the college sends the admissions officers and helps them determine whether the student can be a good fit for the college. Students must demonstrate the ability to follow a set of instructions without losing sight of the primary objective of the essay: to write a well-written response that will be reflective of the student's thought process and style.The placement test essay samples and writing tests do not only mean writing about your academic course, but you also need to keep in mind that these tests ca n be used in a variety of different ways. The purpose of the tests is to improve the students' writing skills by evaluating their skills in different writing genres and assessing the intended audience of the essay. Moreover, these tests allow the student to enhance his or her critical thinking, writing and research skills. Such tests are also used to determine the required reading level for the subject matter.There are many different types of tests on placement tests, which include essays, informational essays, technical explanations, persuasive arguments, and persuasive letters. Each test is suited for a specific topic area and the student can pick the one that is suitable for him or her. Most writing samples on the website will give you more information about the type of test that will be given to you.When trying to find the best test essay samples and writing tests, it is important to be cautious because there are several types of test out there. The best place to look for writin g samples and test is to conduct a thorough research on the topics that interest you. If you are interested in a college-level composition or thesis on a certain topic, then you can choose an essay on this topic. There are also many kinds of tests such as oral reports, case studies, and dissertations.However, if you're just starting out with college writing, then you can try to get some writing samples from a group or writing class that you are taking. You can ask your teacher or lecturer to suggest that writing sample would suit you best. This is to help you get your foot in the door of writing and get a feel for how it works. Of course, these kinds of assignments will not be as rigorous as the standardized tests are. However, you can still use the writing samples to improve your writing skills.College writing test essays and samples are not really hard to find because they are usually given in different situations. For example, some people take the test before they can even start on their own writing assignments, which may not be very ideal. Such writing tests are actually a perfect way to increase your writing skills.Writing sample websites provide writing samples of writers who were well-known in their fields, such as journalists, bloggers, political leaders, and professors. They can be great resources as long as you know how to interpret the type of writing that you want to do. Furthermore, you have to look into the various things that you have to remember when writing, such as format, structure, sentence structure, and syntax.As long as you know how to read the samples and take note of the great examples given, you will surely find yourself becoming more confident in your writing abilities. Students who write well will be able to express themselves clearly and will showcase their opinions and other thoughts clearly. A well-written essay will help them get into a better college and will give them the chance to showcase their strong writing skills so that they can score well on the college placement test.

Ibm Organizational Behavior - 2228 Words

Introduction This paper is going to analyse in areas of accommodating cultural diversity in IBM and developing trust in the organisation. IBM is a head leader technology and services organisation working in 77 countries. The connection of the paper to IBM is just an outsider who made researches externally. The paper will be analysing what the expectation of organisation to be managed in those two areas based on literature review, then they are followed by how IBM actually managed. The differences between the theory and IBM’s management will be also explained. Finally, the recommendations will be made in each area. Accommodating cultural diversity in the workplace The expectation the organisation to be managed based on the relevant†¦show more content†¦People who come from cultures which view relationships in terms of hierarchy have a preference form highly structured teams. People from cultures that see relationships as a group want teamwork to be the norm and people from cultures that highlight the individual feel most comfortable with voluntary and informal teams (Aghazadeh 2004, p. 521). The differences between theory and practices There are not many differences between theory and practices; IBM has matched their culture diversity implementation to the literatures. In summary, the major strategies to manage diversity are training for diversity awareness, leadership development and recruitment and selection policies. Recommendation Organisations in which aimed to be flexible and responsive to a demanding marketplace requiring greater attention and service. Therefore; there is likely a need to perform a multiple-skilled and adaptable workforce (Farrer 2004, p. 175). Moreover, the diverse workforce would be able to better deal with and adapt to the varied needs of the customer as well as the varied needs of the employee as there are increased communications and a global focus (Allen et al. 2008, p. 24). IBM’s leaders in every generation have been concerned that diversity was right for the company no matter what the prevailing issues of the day mandated. IBM has already considered diversity as a business imperative to build a workforce as a broad and diversified regardlessShow MoreRelatedOrganizational Structure Essay1147 Words   |  5 PagesDate: January 18, 2013 To: MG 561 Class From: Jessica Rushing Subject: â€Å"Organizational Structure† Introduction: Organizational structure provides the framework of an organization determining how roles and responsibilities are delegated throughout the different levels of the organization. It has been defined by some as the looking glass through which coworkers see their organization and its surrounding environment while others have described structure as the backbone of the organizationRead MoreChange The Structure At Ibm1594 Words   |  7 PagesTo change the structure at IBM, Gerstner needed to clearly communicate his plans, goals, and vision to all stakeholders. Gerstner gave a speech early on with IBM leaders and explained â€Å"why he took the job, what his early expectations were, his thoughts on the structure and strategy of IBM, and morale† (Gerstner, 2002, pg. 22-23). Further, he felt strongly that employees need to essentially have the fire under them lit. He felt his role as CEO required him to define and communicate the crisis, itsRead MoreCase Study Of Ibm s Wise Investmen t Essay1525 Words   |  7 PagesUniversity Online IBM’s Wise Investment Considering that IBM has expanded to having clients in 170 countries and now does two-thirds of its business outside the United States it is vitally important to keep a management team devoted to IBM’s team projects. This has especially been noteworthy for IBM because the market has witnessed how instrumental management teams are and how they bring more positive changes to an organizationRead MoreOrganizational Change Management : An Organization1501 Words   |  7 Pagesorganizations, the change manager should have no doubt about the organization’s ability to identify where to focus energy or how to manage the change required to reach its potential (Palmer, Dunford, Akin, 2009). In regards to the importance of the organizational change, effectively determining its catalysts is a defining management skill. Organizations need to be sensitive to the need for change to thrive (Readers Forum, 1996). Present and future needs inside and outside an organization ar e consistentlyRead MoreOff-Hour Monitoring: Roulon-Miller vs. IBM Case Analysis656 Words   |  3 PagesOff-hour Monitoring IBM had policies in place to prevent conflict of interest between employees and a policy that stated that IBM respected an employees right to privacy during off hours (Rosser, 2011). In the case of Roulon-Miller v IBM (1981), the plaintiff had worked for IBM for sixteen years and was terminated for a relationship with a former employee that was working for a competitor. The court ruling against IBM was based on inadequate policies to justify the action taken against the employeeRead MoreEnvironmental Leadership of IBM Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesFactor: Environmental Leadership of IBM IBM has not only succeeded in maintaining its competition in providing software, computer technology and systems integrators, but IBM also successfully managing its resource such as energy, water, and material, including waste product, thus offering environmentally friendly products and services which have been recognized by various parties and has received many awards (IBM Environment Report, 2012). IBM success is always related to the leadership style ofRead MoreAre the Precepts of the IBM Training Program Consistent with the Concepts in This Chapter? Why or Why Not?859 Words   |  4 Pages1. The precepts of the IBM training program are consistent with the concepts in this chapter because there are a lot of consensuses. There are for example power, which is according to Robbins and Judge, â€Å"a capacity that A has to influence the behavior of B so that B acts in accordance with A’s wishes† (p.420) and the power tactics, which are, according to Robbins and Judge, â€Å"ways in which individuals translate power bases into specific actions† (p.425). There are different power tactics an individualRead MoreCross Cultural Relationships1105 Words   |  5 Pagesperceptions, norms, and patterns of thinking, and consequently adapt their behaviors according to specific cultural contexts. Managing people across cultures  offers solid theoretical frameworks and practical insights to handle the cultural challenges in managing people in a globalized workplace. Cross cultural management addresses topics including cross-cultural communication and understanding at both interpersonal and inter-organizational levels, leading multicultural and global virtual teams, cross-culturalRead More Cultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper1361 Words   |  6 PagesCultural Values and Personal Ethics Paper Personal, organizational, and cultural values are the basis of an individuals personal and professional decision-making style. These values are the key ingredients that make up our core beliefs. Values are ideas that are actions which could be right or wrong, good or bad that are the basis of human action (Tosi 2000). Personal values might also be called morality, since they reflect general expectations of any person in any society, acting in any capacityRead MoreEssay about IBM Case Analysis1455 Words   |  6 PagesCase overview: Change in the business from local to global prospect provided for great opportunity to grow and at the same time brought in more challenges in the organizational structure of the companies. This case provides for a detailed discussion about various challenges present in developing a global integration. There are various forces that narrated about the reasons for IBM’s decision to become a globally integrated enterprise (Kanter, 2009). Various requirements enabled in developing the

The Rights Of The Second Amendment Essay - 1510 Words

While presented through an amendment in the Bill of Rights, the right to bear arms has been and continues to be a subject of controversy often due to the advancement of firearms over time, and overall vagueness of the Second Amendment. Examples of vagueness discrepancies are often found in interpreting the concept of what it entails when supporting a â€Å"well-regulated militia.† The development of firearms has also proven to be a major subject of debate as modern day weapons are significantly more advanced than what existed during the creation of the Second Amendment. Lastly, the argument of which citizens the Second Amendment should protect or not protect based on their criminal background or other factors has been an ongoing debate. These subjects do not cover all aspects of debate surrounding the Second Amendment, but have been tried in many Supreme Court cases and are subjects of controversy in modern politics. Preserving a well-regulated militia has been interpreted to protect weapons with a â€Å"judicial recognized militia-type weapon (Fafarman, p. 191).† United States v. Miller serves as a foundation case for this as it set a precedent of what actually defines a militia-type weapon. The sawed-off shotgun failed to embody basic traits of military equipment or common defense; therefore it was ruled unfit to contribute to a well-regulated militia. A sawed-off shotgun’s shooting pattern seems to promote seemingly terroristic activity rather than common defense, concluding thatShow MoreRelatedThe Constitutional Right Of The Second Amendment1714 Words   |  7 Pagescontroversy is based on the Constitutional right of the Second Amendment, stating, â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed.† Though this is a Constitutional right, unlike many other Amendments, unde rstanding they were written in a time of great national turmoil and paranoia and without the modern day controversies, some see this as an inherent right of the American people to possess firearmsRead MoreThe Case Of The Second Amendment Rights1386 Words   |  6 PagesAfter reviewing the given information from Ms. Bennett, there is a strong possibility the court will find the defendant’s Fourth Amendment rights were not violated. The Fourth Amendment states: â€Å"The right of the people to be secure in their persons, houses, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the personsRead MoreSecond Amendment : The Right Of Bear Arms Essay970 Words   |  4 PagesSecond Amendment: The Right to Bear Arms When America first became a country branching away from Great Britain, firearms played a huge role. After the war, firearms were still an every day thing for civilians, using them for hunting and or self-defense. With the second amendment has come with a controversial topic when it comes to regulating guns in our country. This topic affects the United States nationally, as well as local state to state as they try to regulate how guns should be handled. FromRead MoreThe Second Amendment : The Right To Bear Arms1543 Words   |  7 PagesIn December 1791, the Second Amendment was made: The Second Amendment offers â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep arms, and shall not be infringed.† This basically means United States gives the right to its residents to keep arms, and it guaranteed individuals the right to possess arms for their own personal defense. In the past few decades there been thousands of pages that are written seeking to uncover the meaning of the â€Å"theRead MoreThe Second Amendment and the Right to Bear Arms2205 Words   |  9 PagesCottrol, Robert, ed. Gun Control and the Constitution: Sources and Explorations on the Second Amendment. New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 1994 [2] Dowlut, Robert. The Right to Keep and Bear Arms in State Bills of Rights and Judicial Interpretation. SAF 1993 [3] Freedman, Warren. The Privilege to Keep and Bear Arms. Connecticut: Quorum Books, 1989 [4] Hickok, Eugene Jr., ed. The Bill of Rights: Original Meaning and Current Understanding. Virginia: University Press of Virginia,Read MoreThe Second Amendment : The Rights Of A Free State, The Right Of The People1034 Words   |  5 PagesEnglish 1101 08 October 2014 Gun Control The second amendment is â€Å"A well-regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a Free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms, shall not be infringed†. The Second Amendment protects an individual s right to possess a firearm unconnected with service in a militia, and to use that weapon for traditionally lawful purposes, such as self-defense within the home. In 1939 The Court adopted a collective rights approach in the case of United States vRead MoreEssay on The Second Amendment - The Right To Bear Arms1237 Words   |  5 PagesThe Second Amendment and the Right to Bear Arms The Second Amendment to the Constitution gave United States citizens the right to bear arms. Although, the Second Amendment stated: â€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free State, the right of the people to keep and bear Arms. However, the framers could not foresee the type of violence we have in our cities today. Innocent citizens have and are being brutally killed due to this amendment. Stricter gun controlRead More The Second Amendment - The Right To Bear Arms Essay2183 Words   |  9 PagesThe Second Amendment And The Right To Bear Arms Throughout the years there has been an ongoing debate over the Second Amendment and how it should be interpreted. The issue that is being debated is whether our government has the right to regulate guns. The answer of who has which rights lies within how one interprets the Second Amendment. With this being the case, one must also think about what circumstances the Framers were under when this Amendment was written. There are two major sides toRead MoreThe Meaning of the Second Amendment - The Right To Bear Arms Essay1169 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"A well regulated Militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed†(understand) comes from the United States constitution. It has for the last decade or so been a topic of an ongoing debate between the people of this nation. It all depends on how you interpret the 27 words. Most people believe that it gives United States citizens the right to bear arms. The constitution is the supreme law of our land. It was made to beRead MoreGun Violence And Gun Control : The Right To The Second Amendment1668 Words   |  7 Pagesknown as amendments. These were written with the intention of securing the basic rights of all United States citizens. It usually serves as an outline for the laws of the land by dictating the powers of the people and what is acceptable under the watch of the United States government. The history behind these amendments began in 1789 when it was proposed and drafted by James Madison. It was adopted on December 15, 1791, as part of the first ten amendments contained in the Bill of Rights. (History

Communication and Mannerism Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Communication and Mannerism. Answer: The method of interaction, communication and mannerism among people who are in a group can be referred to as organizational behavior. It is usually a study that is conducted to encourage and increase the efficiency of an organization. Organizational behavior is studied to analyze and understand and implement the tactics while managing the resources of the organization so that there is an increase in motivation and productivity (Wood 2016). There are several concepts in organizational behavior in human resource that is used to increase the efficiency of the individuals in a group. Some of the topics which are studies in organizational behavior have a direct influence on increasing productivity and performance of the resource, improving the level of job satisfaction, promoting leadership and encouraging creativity along with innovation. Organizational behaviors have two fold to the concept first the nature of an individual and second the nature of an institution (Christina et al. 2014) . Various concepts are applied by the management of the organization so that the desired result of the policies can be achieved. Some of the approaches and policies include restructuring the members of the groups, modifying and implementing a resource friendly method of performance evaluation and upgrading compensation policies and many more (Shafritz, Ott and Jang 2015). Management and the executives of an organization along with the human resource department can take decisions and policies to make the work culture more efficient for the employees. Organizational behavior helps the management understand the culture of the business and paves the way to find out the facilities or hindrances in the productivity of the resources of the origination. It also influences the hiring process of the enterprise as it helps the human resource department to clearly state the prerequisites of the vacancy. Organizational behavior helps the management lay down guidelines for the smooth operation on a daily basis (Pinder 2014). Some of the importances of organizational behavior are: it provides a set of guidelines for the management to operate. Study and analysis of organizational behavior have a major influence on significant organizational events, it can also help to predict future events and take precautionary measure when and if necessary. Motivation is one of the key factors in organizational behavior theory; it helps the managers of the human resource to inspire and to understand the challenges and grievances faced by the staff. It also helps in maintaining pleasant relation with third parties and customers of the organization. It is very important for an organization to develop goodwill both with the customers and the people of the industry in order to do that (Demirtas and Akdogan 2015). Attitude is the emotional and behavioral pattern of an individual or a group of people to reciprocate towards any object, incident, idea or any other people or person. It is generally a persistent propensity to behave in a certain manner. The ABC model of attitude explains that there are three basic components of attitude: Affective, behavioral and cognitive. Affective attitude is can be referred to as the way one is affected by a situation, circumstance, idea or any other person. For example: Sally is scared of dogs. In this example we discuss about how dogs affect sally. Behavioral component is the tendency if an individual to act towards an attitude. For example: if sally is scared of dogs she will run away from it. Cognitive Component is the thought that is associated with an attitude (Demirtas and Akdogan 2015). Formation of attitude is due to the influences of various kinds in the lives of an individual like family and friends, colleagues at workplace, socio economic state of t he person, religious and cultural background of the person and many more. Attitude does not predict the behavioral outcome of a person unless there are specific circumstances like when attitude is observed on behalf of the behavior of a third person (van Harreveld, Nohlen and Schneider 2015). As attitude may have positive or negative influence in a situation, Commitment, content, friendliness are some of the positive attitude of an individual at work place which reflects in the way they behave like talking in polite manner, not loosing temper easily, enjoying work and encouraging people around. On the other hand, boredom, irritation and discontentment leads to negative behavior of like losing temper and screaming at people, lack of dedication and negatively influencing people. Attitude and behavior are two different aspect of a human being. Attitude is the inner conception and ideas he or she has about something. Behavior on the other hand is the outer portrayal of the attitude he or she has (Biggs, Brough and Barbour 2014). At the work place there are certain circumstances where attitude determines the behavioral pattern of an individual like: when there is a change in some policies of the company. If a person has a cynical attitude towards everything he or she will defiantly not be able to implement changes in the organization in a welcoming way. For example: the management has taken a decision to change the shift timings, a person with poor attitude will discourage this decision and at the same time discourage others who are considering the shift timings change in a positive way. Many times poor attitude and negative outlook towards organizational decisions give rise to internal conflict which in turn decreases productivity (Gin Choi, Kwon and Kim 2013). Attitude is important and useful for a person when the attitude of positive in nature it drives a person to work better and ensures high performance without any external push or influence. A resource with positive attitude will also make others around him or her gather a positive outlook towards any situation in the organization (Baldonado 2015). Attitude helps an employee adapt to the policies and the environment of the company he or she is working in, it makes the adjustment process way easier for both the parties. Attitude is also important because it helps an individual build and maintains a self-image which in turn helps in promoting the process of growth of an individual in the organization. Values are another significant aspect of attitude a person with values will counteract with a person who has no value and that may be productive or harmful for the organization based on the hierarchy of the people involved (Hlsheger et al. 2013). Job satisfaction is the level of content that a person has achieved while working for an organization, it is the degree of optimistic attitudes that an individuals have towards their jobs. It is the one of the main reasons as to why a resource is retained or is leaving his or her job. Some of the factors that affect job satisfaction are as follows: organizational factors- remuneration and incentive plans, growth and developmental scope and the decisions and the policies that are made by the company. Work environment- peers and colleagues, relation with the seniors as well as the juniors, physical and mental conditions of that are required by the employee. Nature of the job- if the work that the employee is engaged in is not pleasing him or her; or doesnt cater to his or her forte then it may be difficult for him to continue with the job. Lastly personal reasons- there can be a lot of reasons why a certain job does not satisfy an individual like mental stress, physical stress, age of the person and many more. Hence, there is a lot of scope to gather knowledge about the factors that determine a persons job satisfaction or organizational commitment level of a person (Braun et al. 2013). It is very important for the managers to ensure that the employees are committed towards the institution where they are working. If the attitude of an individual does not reflect positivity towards organizational commitment then motivational and inspirational events has to be arranged for the improvement and betterment of the morale of the employee. The managers have to understand and research about the reasons as to why an employee is unsatisfied with the work which factor in the above list is absent form that particular employee (Wong and Laschinger 2013). Job satisfaction or organizational commitment is a positive attitude of an employee that manifests in the better productivity, improved adjustments, and enhanced motivational outlook of the employee along with encouraging others towards positivity. Usually in an organization an individual works in a team that is lead by one or more managers a positive attitude is very essential to be a team player and to be on the same page as the management of the organization so that there is a mutual benefit from the equilibrium situation. Organization behavior study allows the managers to understand and get an insight about the level of job satisfaction and the way to bring out the positive attitude of an employee so that there is better productivity form the resource. References: Baldonado, A.M., 2015. Workplace fun: Learning from google, southwest airlines, and facebook.International Journal,15. Biggs, A., Brough, P. and Barbour, J.P., 2014. Enhancing work-related attitudes and work engagement: A quasi-experimental study of the impact of an organizational intervention.International Journal of Stress Management,21(1), p.43. Braun, S., Peus, C., Weisweiler, S. and Frey, D., 2013. Transformational leadership, job satisfaction, and team performance: A multilevel mediation model of trust.The Leadership Quarterly,24(1), pp.270-283. Christina, S., Dainty, A., Daniels, K. and Waterson, P., 2014. How organisational behaviour and attitudes can impact building energy use in the UK retail environment: a theoretical framework.Architectural Engineering and Design Management,10(1-2), pp.164-179. Demirtas, O. and Akdogan, A.A., 2015. The effect of ethical leadership behavior on ethical climate, turnover intention, and affective commitment.Journal of Business Ethics,130(1), pp.59-67. Gin Choi, Y., Kwon, J. and Kim, W., 2013. Effects of attitudes vs experience of workplace fun on employee behaviors: Focused on Generation Y in the hospitality industry.International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management,25(3), pp.410-427. Hlsheger, U.R., Alberts, H.J., Feinholdt, A. and Lang, J.W., 2013. Benefits of mindfulness at work: The role of mindfulness in emotion regulation, emotional exhaustion, and job satisfaction.Journal of Applied Psychology,98(2), p.310. Pinder, C.C., 2014.Work motivation in organizational behavior. Psychology Press. Shafritz, J.M., Ott, J.S. and Jang, Y.S., 2015.Classics of organization theory. Cengage Learning. van Harreveld, F., Nohlen, H.U. and Schneider, I.K., 2015. Chapter Five-The ABC of Ambivalence: Affective, Behavioral, and Cognitive Consequences of Attitudinal Conflict.Advances in experimental social psychology,52, pp.285-324. Wong, C.A. and Laschinger, H.K., 2013. Authentic leadership, performance, and job satisfaction: the mediating role of empowerment.Journal of advanced nursing,69(4), pp.947-959. Wood, J.M., Zeffane, R.M., Fromholtz, M., Wiesner, R., Morrison, R., Factor, A., McKeown, T., Schermerhorn, J.R., Hunt, J.G. and Osborn, R.N., 2016.Organisational behaviour: Core concepts and applications. John Wiley Sons Australia, Ltd.

Tips for budgeting the first year in college

Tips for budgeting the first year in college â€Å"There’s no money in my pocket – I’m a student†¦.oh, just deal with it. Here should be something that rhymes and explains why student are short on money but there isn’t – students are unpredictable. College life is so exciting, especially during the freshmen year. Planning the budget for the first year in college is the hardest because of the variety of amazing events and cool things to spend money on. If you have never seriously planned your budget before this article is exactly for you. Follow some of our tips and don’t get broke! Planning the budget ahead School and college budget differs a lot. It’s no wonder: there’s less of parents support in money when you enter the adulthood. Though, there are a couple of things that make the usual life style, such as: preferences in drinks and food, certain brands of clothes and favorite places to hang out with friends. Now, when the budget is rougher, there’s a chance that this usual patterns may change. Think of the most important aspects of your life that you have to spend money on and try to plan the estimated costs for them before you come to college. Keep Track of Your Investments Does this logic circuit look familiar: a decent amount of money in the wallet, a cup of coffee with a friend, some purchases in the grocery store, oh wait the lipstick is on discount, some other stuff that you’ve always wanted but never actually needed, and finally perplexity – where did all my money go? Yeah, that sometimes happens to everyone. However, sticking to this circuit all the time will lead to getting broke. Keeping track of the expenses is the best way to avoid it. Write out your spendings on a paper or in your phone. Visualizing the expenses at least for a month will help you understand what is not so necessary to buy and plan the budget wisely. Another way to organize the purchases is to write them out by categories, such as: food, clothes, nights, etc. Maybe, there are things that you just cannot live without, so you can cut on some other category and safe the money for the favorite comic books or a new pair of shoes. The First and the Hardest The first year in college turns out to be the most expensive for a couple of reasons. You are a newcomer and don’t know what places are chipper to have a coffee or a drink with a friend. It needs time to realize what places and stores are more cost-effective for your budget. Plus, tickets for student events, wristbands, college T-shirts, sportswear and various membership fees suck out of the pocket a great deal of income. So do not worry if the first semester will be the most expensive one (it will get easier after winter holidays). Be ready for some extra expenses in the first couple of months. It Is Possible to Save If you mainly depended on your parents in terms of money, you probably will feel the changes in your life style. Try to stay flexible. To save some money it’s better to cook on campus and take some sandwiches with you to college instead of buying in the cafeteria. Think of rearranging your eating patterns: make sure it is nutritious and healthy but plane and inexpensive at the same time. Though, in college my meal of the year was spaghetti†¦

Van Goghs Use of Color

Van Goghs Use of Color The works of Van Gogh and his use of color have often been studied chronologically demonstrating the shift in his usage of colors from his early paintings, which were dark and pessimistic, to the paintings of his mature career, where he has used lighter tones and brighter colors.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Van Gogh’s Use of Color specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the later stage, Van Gogh made a distinct use of complementary color scheme, which was a definite shift from the classical treatment of colors. This paper will compare and contrast two paintings, The Sower and The Night Cafà ©, and demonstrate the distinct style Van Gogh followed to use color for his paintings. Expressive use of colors in distinctive complementary schemes has dominated many of the masterpieces created by Van Gogh. His correspondences to his brother during the 1882-85 demonstrate his obsession with the use of color in his work. They demonstrate that Van Gogh’s concern and distinction between shades, tones, hue, and brightness of color, which formed the psychological basis of colors and themes of his paintings. The use of complementary colors, which became the signature of Van Gogh’s style, helped to intensify the mutual effect of the color scheme in the paintings. Van Gogh used basic colors and contrasting hues to increase firmness and depth of his paintings: These things that are relevant to complementary colors, to the simultaneous contrasting and the mutual devaluation of complementary colors, are the first and most important issue: the second is the mutual influence of two similar colors, such as carmine and vermilion, or a pink-lilac and a blue-lilac. (Van Gogh Letter # 428, dated Oct. 1885. (Bekker and Bekker) The use of primary colors and the use of their complementary colors, also known as secondary colors, is a basic technique used for impressionistic painting. When a primary color is put against a complementary color, it creates a contrasting color scheme, creating a powerful effect. Van Gogh exploited this technique of creating a strong effect in his painting through juxtaposition of primary and complementary colors. Van Gogh’s fascination for complementary colors intensified as he shifted his focus from Dutch style to paintings that are more impressionistic.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Gayford (179) demonstrates Van Gogh’s heightened interest in colors, which created a symbolic language for the maestro. In another correspondence to his brother Theo, Van Gogh expressed his increasing obsession with colors: â€Å"Yesterday evening an extraordinary beautiful sunset of a mysterious, sickly citron color – Prussian blue cypresses against trees with dead leaves in all sorts of broken tones without any speckling with bright gr eens.† (Gayford 179) Thus, colors create a symbolic language for Van Gogh, which helped his to determine the effect that wanted to create in his paintings. Given this understanding of Van Gogh’s philosophy of color, the essay then moves on to analyze two of his paintings and the treatment of colors in them. The Sower demonstrates a man striding across a wheat field, with outstretched arms, appear in many of Van Gogh’s paintings and sketches. Philosophically, it has often been interpreted as the renewal of life; however, in this essay we will discuss the use of complementary color scheme of the paintings. The particular picture that is discussed in this essay was painted in 1888, which stands out from all other paintings of sowers and creates a unique impressionistic creation of the cycle life in full summer (The Sower is shown in figure 1 below). Figure 1: The Sower, 1888 The Sower, painted predominately in yellow and violet demonstrates the use of complementary colors by Van Gogh. Yellow is a primary color that is positioned against violet, one of its complements, and a mix of the other two primary colors, red and blue. Even though artists had knowledge of the effect two complementary colors could create, no one before Van Gogh experimented with it.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Van Gogh’s Use of Color specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Primary colors, when juxtaposed with complementary colors, create a vibration and magnificence that is otherwise unattainable. Hence, when yellow is used against violet, it creates greater brightness and pureness of color than when painted with any other colors. Similarly, violet seems more lively and vigorous when put against yellow. The Sower was painted when Van Gogh was living in Arles, in June 1888. The original Sower by Millet from which Van Gogh drew inspiration or his Sower believed that Millet created a painting in â€Å"c olorless gray† and wanted to create a painting of the sower with colors (Bekker and Bekker). In order to understand color contrast, consider putting orange against blue and orange against green. Orange is blue’s complement where blue is a primary color and orange is a secondary color created through mixing of the other two primary, red and yellow. Hence, the effect of brightness when orange and blue are used together is greater than when orange and green are used, wherein both are secondary colors. Moreover, the orange when put with green seem darker, almost a different color. Hence, it can be observed that colors can change their hue and brightness depending on the colors with which they are used. Moreover, colors cannot be used singularly, without considering the other colors that are used. Colors cannot be judged in isolation. Hence, it is important to understand what colors are used along with the others and what affect it creates in the paintings. Knowledge of colo rs becomes the most important factor while studying Van Gogh’s form so impressionistic painting. The painting of the yellow and violet together as an expression of light and darkness in the field is an extreme example of use of complementary colors in paintings. This helped in intensifying the brightness, saturation, and depth of the painting. Van Gogh described his 1888 creation inspired from Millet’s painting, in one of his letters, as â€Å"painting from Millet’s drawings is more like translating them into another language than copying them† (Metzger and Walther 272). The colors used in the painting became reminiscent of his emotions and feelings. The colors demonstrated the dominant mood of the painter. The Night Cafà © is a poetic expression through colors, which demonstrates the harsher realities of modern life. Van Gogh’s obsession with colors intensified from 1885 until his death in 1890, resonant in his letters to his brother Theo. Each o f the letters is evocative of the saturation, hue, and intensity of the colors from his palette. In describing the Night Cafà © (figure 2) in his letter to Theo, Van Gogh associates passion with the use of two complementary colors – red and green:Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More I’ve tried to express the terrible passions of humanity with red and green. The room is blood red and dull yellow, with a green billiard table in the middle; there are four lemon yellow lamps casting an orange and green glow†¦ In my picture of the night cafà ©, I’ve tried to convey the sense that the cafà © is a place where one goes to ruin goes mad, commits crimes. I’ve tried to express the powers of darkness, in a way, in this dive of a bar, through contrasts of delicate pink, blood red, wine red, and soft Louis XV green and Veronese green, in contrast with hard green-yellows and blue-greens – all this amid an infernal furnace of pale sulphur. (Letter#533, Bekker and Bekker) The above description of the painting as expressed through Van Gogh’s words demonstrate the use of complementary colors in the painting, and the reason for the sue of the colors in their complementary best. Life’s juxtaposition is expressed through the oppositio ns of color that makes life as well as his paintings so pulsating. In the Night Cafà © Van Gogh has expressed the struggle of life through the juxtaposition of the two complementary colors – red and green. The violet and blue used in the painting depicts sadness and dreariness of modern nightlife, and Figure 2: The Night Cafà © The painting shows maximum saturation of colors, where colors like red and green has been used without any hint of tint or shade. In the Night Cafà ©, Van Gogh used color in its purest form against its equally pure complementary. This is not seen in The Sower, where the colors were used symbolically, but not its purest hue. The use of original hue in the Night Cafà © sets is apart from other paintings, even though the technique used in both the pictures are similar. Nevertheless, both the picture reverberates with the infernal furnace of life though the use of yellow, which has been used to depict the sun in The Sower and the lamps in The Night Ca fà ©. The difference between the two paintings is that the first is a depiction of continuity of life while that of the cafà © describes a hellish existence. Bekker, K.G. and A.Y. Bekker. 2009. Color and Emotion - a Psychophysical Analysis of Van Gogh’s Work. 15 December 2009. PsyArt. Web. psyartjournal.com/article/show/bekker-color_and_emotion_a_psychophysical_analy. Gayford, Martin. The Yellow House.:Van Gogh, Gauguin and Nine Turbulent Weeks Provence. New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, 2006. Print. Metzger, Rainer and Ingo F. Walther. Van Gogh. Berlin: Taschen, 2008. Print.

Battle of Talas River - Background

Battle of Talas River - Background Few people today have even heard of the Battle of Talas River.  Yet this little-known skirmish between the army of Imperial Tang China and the Abbasid Arabs had important consequences, not just for China and Central Asia, but for the entire world. Eighth century Asia was an ever-shifting mosaic of different tribal and regional powers, fighting for trade rights, political power and/or religious hegemony. The era was characterized by a dizzying array of battles, alliances, double-crosses and betrayals. At the time, nobody could have known that one particular battle, which took place on the banks of the Talas River in present-day Kyrgyzstan, would halt the Arab and Chinese advances in Central Asia and fix the boundary between Buddhist/Confucianist Asia and Muslim Asia. None of the combatants could have predicted that this battle would be instrumental in transmitting a key invention from China to the western world: the art of paper-making, a technology that would alter world history forever. Background to the Battle For some time, the powerful Tang Empire (618-906) and its predecessors had been expanding Chinese influence in Central Asia. China used soft power for the most part, relying upon a series of trade agreements and nominal protectorates rather than military conquest to control Central Asia. The most troublesome foe faced by the Tang from 640 forward was the powerful Tibetan Empire, established by Songtsan Gampo. Control of what is now Xinjiang, Western China, and neighboring provinces went back and forth between China and Tibet throughout the seventh and eighth centuries. China also faced challenges from the Turkic Uighurs in the northwest, the Indo-European Turfans, and the Lao/Thai tribes on Chinas southern borders. The Rise of the Arabs While the Tang were occupied with all these adversaries, a new superpower rose in the Middle East. The Prophet Muhammad died in 632, and the Muslim faithful under the Umayyad Dynasty (661-750) soon brought vast areas under their sway. From Spain and Portugal in the west, across North Africa and the Middle East, and on to the oasis cities of Merv, Tashkent, and Samarkand in the east, the Arab conquest spread with astonishing speed. Chinas interests in Central Asia went back at least to 97 B.C., when the Han Dynasty general Ban Chao led an army of 70,000 as far as Merv (in what is now Turkmenistan), in pursuit of bandit tribes that preyed on early Silk Road caravans. China also had long courted trade relations with the Sassanid Empire in Persia, as well as their predecessors the Parthians. The Persians and Chinese had collaborated to quell rising Turkic powers, playing different tribal leaders off of one another. In addition, the Chinese had a long history of contacts with the Sogdian Empire, centered in modern-day Uzbekistan. Early Chinese/Arab Conflicts Inevitably, the lightning-quick expansion by the Arabs would clash with Chinas established interests in Central Asia. In 651, the Umayyads captured the Sassanian capital at Merv and executed the king, Yazdegerd III. From this base, they would go on to conquer Bukhara, the Ferghana Valley, and as far east as Kashgar (on the Chinese/Kyrgyz border today). News of Yazdegards fate was carried to the Chinese capital of Changan (Xian) by his son Firuz, who fled to China after the fall of Merv. Firuz later became a general of one of Chinas armies, and then governor of a region centered at modern-day Zaranj, Afghanistan. In 715, the first armed clash between the two powers occurred in the Ferghana Valley of Afghanistan. The Arabs and Tibetans deposed King Ikhshid and installed a man named Alutar in his place. Ikhshid asked China to intervene on his behalf, and the Tang sent an army of 10,000 to overthrow Alutar and reinstate Ikhshid. Two years later, an Arab/Tibetan army besieged two cities in the Aksu region of what is now Xinjiang, western China. The Chinese sent an army of Qarluq mercenaries, who defeated the Arabs and Tibetans and lifted the siege. In 750 the Umayyad Caliphate fell, overthrown by the more aggressive Abbasid Dynasty. The Abbasids From their first capital at Harran, Turkey, the Abbasid Caliphate set out to consolidate power over the sprawling Arab Empire built by the Umayyads. One area of concern was the eastern borderlands - the Ferghana Valley and beyond. The Arab forces in eastern Central Asia with their Tibetan and Uighur allies were led by the brilliant tactician, General Ziyad ibn Salih. Chinas western army was headed by Governor-General Kao Hsien-chih (Go Seong-ji), an ethnic-Korean commander. It was not unusual at that time for foreign or minority officers to command Chinese armies because the military was considered an undesirable career path for ethnic Chinese noblemen. Appropriately enough, the decisive clash at Talas River was precipitated by another dispute in Ferghana. In 750, the king of Ferghana had a border dispute with the ruler of neighboring Chach. He appealed to the Chinese, who sent General Kao to assist Ferghanas troops. Kao besieged Chach, offered the Chachan king safe passage out of his capital, then reneged and beheaded him. In a mirror-image parallel to what had happened during the Arab conquest of Merv in 651, the Chachan kings son escaped and reported the incident to Abbasid Arab governor Abu Muslim at Khorasan. Abu Muslim rallied his troops at Merv and marched to join Ziyad ibn Salihs army further east.  The Arabs were determined to teach General Kao a lesson... and incidentally, to assert Abbasid power in the region. The Battle of Talas River In July of 751, the armies of these two great empires met at Talas, near the modern-day Kyrgyz/Kazakh border. Chinese records state that the Tang army was 30,000 strong, while Arab accounts put the number of Chinese at 100,000. The total number of Arab, Tibetan and Uighur warriors is not recorded, but theirs was the larger of the two forces. For five days, the mighty armies clashed. When the Qarluq Turks came in on the Arab side several days into the fighting, the Tang armys doom was sealed. Chinese sources imply that the Qarluqs had been fighting for them, but treacherously switched sides midway through the battle. Arab records, on the other hand, indicate that the Qarluqs were already allied with the Abbasids prior to the conflict. The Arab account seems more likely since the Qarluqs suddenly mounted a surprise attack on the Tang formation from the rear. (If the Chinese accounts are correct, wouldnt the Qarluqs have been in the middle of the action, rather than riding up from behind? And would the surprise have been as complete, if the Qarluqs had been fighting there all along?) Some modern Chinese writings about the battle still exhibit a sense of outrage at this perceived betrayal by one of the Tang Empires minority peoples. Whatever the case, the Qarluq attack signaled the beginning of the end for Kao Hsien-chihs army. Of the tens of thousands the Tang sent into battle, only a small percentage survived. Kao Hsien-chih himself was one of the few who escaped the slaughter; he would live just five years more, before being put on trial and executed for corruption. In addition to the tens of thousands of Chinese killed, a number were captured and taken back to Samarkand (in modern-day Uzbekistan) as prisoners of war. The Abbassids could have pressed their advantage, marching into China proper. However, their supply lines were already stretched to the breaking point, and sending such a huge force over the eastern Hindu Kush mountains and into the deserts of western China was beyond their capacity. Despite the crushing defeat of Kaos Tang forces, the Battle of Talas was a tactical draw. The Arabs eastward advance was halted, and the troubled Tang Empire turned its attention from Central Asia to rebellions on its northern and southern borders. Consequences of the Battle of Talas At the time of the Battle of Talas, its significance was not clear. Chinese accounts mention the battle as part of the beginning of the end for the Tang Dynasty. That same year, the Khitan tribe in Manchuria (northern China) defeated the imperial forces in that region, and Thai/Lao peoples in what is now Yunnan province in the south revolted as well. The An Shi Revolt of 755-763, which was more of a civil war than a simple revolt, further weakened the empire. By 763, the Tibetans were able to seize the Chinese capital at Changan (now Xian). With so much turmoil at home, the Chinese had neither the will nor the power to exert much influence past the Tarim Basin after 751. For the Arabs, too, this battle marked an unnoticed turning point. The victors are supposed to write history, but in this case, (despite the totality of their victory), they did not have much to say for some time after the event. Barry Hoberman points out that the ninth-century Muslim historian al-Tabari (839-923) never even mentions the Battle of Talas River. Its not until half a millennium after the skirmish that Arab historians take note of Talas, in the writings of Ibn al-Athir (1160-1233) and al-Dhahabi (1274-1348). Nevertheless, the Battle of Talas had important consequences. The weakened Chinese Empire was no longer in any position to interfere in Central Asia, so the influence of the Abbassid Arabs grew. Some scholars quibble that too much emphasis is placed on the role of Talas in the Islamification of Central Asia. It is certainly true that the Turkic and Persian tribes of Central Asia did not all immediately convert to Islam in August of 751. Such a feat of mass communication across the deserts, mountains, and steppes would have been utterly impossible before modern mass communications, even if the Central Asian peoples were uniformly receptive to Islam. Nonetheless, the absence of any counterweight to the Arab presence allowed Abbassid influence to spread gradually throughout the region. Within the next 250 years, most of the formerly Buddhist, Hindu, Zoroastrian, and Nestorian Christian tribes of Central Asia had become Muslim. Most significant of all, among the prisoners of war captured by the Abbassids after the Battle of Talas River, were a number of skilled Chinese artisans, including Tou Houan. Through them, first the Arab world and then the rest of Europe learned the art of paper-making. (At that time, the Arabs controlled Spain and Portugal, as well as North Africa, the Middle East, and large swaths of Central Asia.) Soon, paper-making factories sprang up in Samarkand, Baghdad, Damascus, Cairo, Delhi... and in 1120 the first European paper mill was established in Xativa, Spain (now called Valencia). From these Arab-dominated cities, the technology spread to Italy, Germany, and across Europe. The advent of paper technology, along with woodcut printing and later movable-type printing, fueled the advances in science, theology, and history of Europes High Middle Ages, which ended only with the coming of the Black Death in the 1340s. Sources: The Battle of Talas, Barry Hoberman. Saudi Aramco World, pp. 26-31 (Sept/Oct 1982). A Chinese Expedition across the Pamirs and Hindukush, A.D. 747, Aurel Stein. The Geographic Journal, 59:2, pp. 112-131 (Feb. 1922). Gernet, Jacque, J. R. Foster (trans.), Charles Hartman (trans.). A History of Chinese Civilization, (1996). Oresman, Matthew. Beyond the Battle of Talas: Chinas Re-emergence in Central Asia. Ch. 19 of In the tracks of Tamerlane: Central Asias path to the 21st Century, Daniel L. Burghart and Theresa Sabonis-Helf, eds. (2004). Titchett, Dennis C. (ed.). The Cambridge History of China: Volume 3, Sui and Tang China, 589-906 AD, Part One, (1979).

Critical Case Study Exploration by Using Gibbs Model Essay

Critical Case Study Exploration by Using Gibbs Model - Essay Example 3). On top of the sustained practice, it is also necessary to avoid relying on a single learning strategy. For instance, a student can incorporate both visual and verbal methods in learning. Student can hold discussions with fellow students thus brainstorming what they have learned in class (Davis 2009, p. 21). Studies have exposed the significance of discussing with fellow students what one has learned in class. The last but not least strategy that can improve the failing student’s performance is the incorporation of practical sessions in the syllabus. It is impractical for a student to attain success by holding to the effective learning strategies only. Therefore, alongside such strategies, it is requisite for teachers to devise effective teaching strategies for purposes of augmenting the student’s performance. The Constructivist teaching is one of the current teaching strategies allowing students to examine what they are familiar with, thus making knowledgeable decis ions on the learning content. Moreover, the inclusion of some practical lessons in teaching is crucial, in enhancing a student’s understanding of the course content. This section will utilize Gibbs (1998) reflective model to answer some questions related to the case study. For instance, the first question demands that I identify my thoughts and feelings from the given case study. It is apparent that the student’s performance in the placement has tremendously declined. Prior to commencement of the program, I had a strong feeling that she would depict a high level of understanding for the subject. The result of my thought would be because she seemed kind and caring for patients. However, after the program commences, it is clear that I am totally mistaken because of incompetency demonstrated by her (Bulman 2004, P. 2). Therefore, her inefficiency in whatever she engages herself in makes me think of the possibility of poor learning and teaching practices. Her inability to prioritize the patients’ needs has shown her high level of incompetency. For instance, the student’s inability to relate the class theory to the practical is a clear indication of ineffective teaching, as well as learning methods. In my scrutiny, the student nurse ought to take their class work serious thus depicting a high level of competency in class work. Therefore, the case study indicated that nursing students did not dedicate their efforts to learning. I thus propose that, for an effective performance, the instructors ought to integrate teaching strategies that allow for the student’s active participation. The main reason behind the declined level of incompetence is due to the standardized examinations, which students must sit for in determining the level of qualification. Sources have shown that, it is only after a nursing student excels in such exams that they attain the acquiescence to deal with patients. Those who fail to excel in such exams ought to r etake them until their verification by the authorities. The literature also illustrates the issue of nursing incompetence in the stagnated, as well as the developing countries. Poor teaching strategies are the main causes of the decline in performance. Furthermore, the policy that aids in the examination of nursing qualification is erroneous thus a high level of ineptitude (Iyer 2001, p. 4). Therefore, the concerned authorities have implemented strategies

Human Resource Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 15

Human Resource Management - Essay Example The company has a total of 37 aircraft, and more than 9000 employees. Annually, Virgin Atlantic serves 4.5M passengers to major cities globally. The company has grown rapidly. Now serves 31 destinations worldwide, and has a made its mark in pioneering many innovative services packages and has gone ahead to set new guidelines in its industry. The company has continued expanding with the same vigour it began. Although the company has a massive growth streak, Virgin Atlantic is considered customer oriented, with more emphasis on their money value and has offered uniqueness in service delivery and high quality service. The enterprise faces an aggressive competitor in the airline business, British Airways. Virgin Atlantic is one of the most successful business venture taken up by the vast Virgin Group of companies. This report seeks to address in detail, the aspects of some of the concepts and human resources strategies which Virgin Atlantic airways has implemented to achieve such success in employee satisfaction and subsequently in their business field. They seem to have perfected all the five models of Human Resource. These include teamwork, organization culture, performance management, learning, development, and leadership. This report however focuses on how two practises have help improve their employee and system as well as critically analyzing Virgin Atlantic on the these bases of the theories. Virgin Atlantic is passionate about exploration, taking risks, challenging conventions and looking for solutions and that made it the company it is presently. That is how it has developed its perfect brand. An innovator established the brand and made it such a perfect setting to developed ones career. Virgin Atlantic has taken the creativity and innovation seriously and it is considered a place where great service is of concern. The company establishes a comprehensive framework for the career of the employees from the very beginning.

My Antonia Essay: Psychoanalytic Criticism -- My Antonia Essays

Psychoanalytic Criticism of My Antonia  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   Abstract: This essay uses psychoanalysis as the strategy of interpretation to read Willa Cather's My Antonia.   Freud's well-known theory--the Oedipus complex--and Lacan's theory of the Mirror Stage are used as the modes of approaching the novel.    I use psychoanalytic criticism as a means of interpreting Willa Cather's My Antonia because I find some similarities between My Antonia and Peter Pan, between that and The Awakening when reading Keith Green's Critical Theory and Practice: A Coursebook.    In the light of Freud's Oedipus complex, like Peter Pan who sees Windy as a lover and mother, and who develops his sexual identity through this complex, Jim Burden also has a mother-like lover, Antonia, and finally comes to take his sexualized and gendered identity in this world. In the view of Lacan's Mirror Stage, like Edna Pontellier who wishes to return to her childhood memory, to return to the world of the Imaginary, in which "sometimes I feel this summer as if I were walking through the green meadow again; idly, aimlessly, unthinking and unguided" (Chopin 520), Jim Burden recollects his boyhood living in the great midland plain of North America where he feels he and Nature are one, but, unlike Edna who goes back and does not come back, Jim goes into the realm of the Imaginary and comes back to the Symbolic, experiencing the process of the Mirror Stage. These are the reasons why I try to apply psychoanalysis in the interpretation of the novel. General ideas will be given after t he summery of the novel.    Willa Cather's My Antonia begins with Jim Burden's "an interminable journey across the great prairie of North America" (Cather 5), a journey back ... ...one sometimes finds one's self behaving in bad dream" (Cather 158). After then, he feels he never want to see Antonia again; and he hates her as much as he hates Cutter. This accident pushes Jim to leave Antonia and to go to Lincoln for study.    The relationship between psychoanalysis and Willa Cather's My Antonia has not been defined. I hope that this essay is the first step towards seeing this wonderful novel from a new perspective.    Works Cited Cather, Willa. My Antonia. Boston: Hougton Mifflin, 1988. Chopin, Kate. The Awakening. The Norton Anthology of American Literature. Ed. Nina Baym. 3rd ed. New York: Norton, 1989. 508-598. Green, Keith, and Jill Lebihan. Critical Theory & Practice: A Coursebook. New York: Routledge, 1996. Wright, Elizabeth. Psychoanalytic Criticism: Theory in Practice. New York: Methuen,1984.      

Case Study: Ocean Carriers Essay

Executive summary Ocean Carriers is contemplating the opportunity of stipulating a 3-year leasing contract that would require commissioning the construction of a new vessel. In the short term applied hire rates are decreasing, just as they should be on the recovery side starting 2003. While signing a new client and therefore expanding the business, the aforementioned investment should be undertaken in Hong Kong. Furthermore, a 15year project is preferable, thus scrapping the vessel at an estimated price of $5M in order to reinvest that amount and avoid facing heavier upcoming costs. Although the longer lasting project (25 years) guarantees a higher net present value and forecasted rates seem to be increasing, less agility on future market occasions, increasing hire rates volatility and risks to bear for the corporation must be considered. Moreover, the alleged strong correlation between number of shipments and hire rates is being questioned. Summary of facts Provided that Ocean carrier’s fleet doesn’t present a ship which meets the new customer’s requirements and that a fairly long time is needed to build a new one, the management has to decide in 2001 whether to commission a vessel for a 3-year time charter beginning in 2003 at an initial daily hire rate of $20,000 growing at a pace of $200  per year of contract. Statement of the problem Many factors are to be considered such as the daily hire rate and operating cost trends, the supply and demand of iron ore and steel which form the 85% of capesize dry bulk carriers’ shipments. The headquarter location, on which the tax regime depends, is too a  critical decision: while in Hong Kong the operations would be exempt from tax, they would account for 35% on profit in New York. Analysis For a better comprehension of the problem, we first focused on some possible outcomes depending on supply and demand tendency. In the short term, an excess of supply (63 new vessels) and no major forces influencing the demand will cause the hire rates to drop. Also, if the consulting group is to be fully trusted, a sharp decrease in iron ore vessel shipments will drive down prices as well. Looking at a longer horizon, supply and demand drivers are mainly, for the latter, the world economy as a whole and trade patterns i.e. the longer distance the more demand, and for the former the efficiency and size of vessels (negative correlation), the demand for shipping capacity and the age of the ships. These factors reveal positive long-term effects. Due to Australian ad Indian demand rocketing, exports will expand along with higher trading volume. Moreover, Ocean carriers presents an advantage with regards to their ships: they are bigger and newer thus deserving a plus 15% factor over standard prices. Nevertheless, adverse aspects should be taken into account as well, such as the inefficiency in building a new vessel (2 years) which could lead to a growing demand for net working capital in order to strengthen the company’s financial position and make it able to face sudden cash outflows. In addition, given their better growth pattern, Ocean Carriers should favour the spot and not the time daily hire rates instead of locking themselves up in long term, less flexible contracts. Our view for the long run is definitely positive though not outstanding, with future growth resembling the inflation level. Considering the mentioned facts as well as all the assumptions, the choice that has to be made will be primarily influenced by the daily hire rates. These factors are the most  volatile and difficult to predict and influence income, profit and finally cash-flows. Ms  Linn’s decision should evaluate different and unpleasant outcomes before taking a decision based only on cash-flows’ NPV.   Firstly, when comparing Hong Kong’s and new York’s NPV, the no tax zone is clearly the better choice (see table 3 and 4 for calculations), with the 35% straight-line american taxation killing most of the profits from the investment’s first years. Even if we consider an accelerated depreciation system (MACRS) and compare equivalent profits, annuity figures are still worse for taxed areas (graph 3). From this calculation we begin to see how actual cash-flow equivalent annuities are not markedly different between the 15 and 25-year no-tax projects. If accurately analysed, inter-period NPVs show an unexpected picture (table and graph 1). If the reinvestment of the scrap value could guarantee a real rate of return similar to the discount used (discount rate=9%,inflation rate=3%,real discount=5,83%), the two NPVs move closer. This partially explains why, of the two, the shorter investment is the best : a substantial chunk of the 25-year project’s NPV (74%) is created in the latter period of the investment (2017-2027) when prices are hardly predictable, more volatile and easily influenced by present expectations. $610.159,93 supplementary cash income are not worth 10 more years of holding period: operating and survey costs become too heavy to sustain the additional period of investment. We carried on our analysis by looking at the hire rates and their expected value. The strong correlation between charter rates and shipments reported by the consulting firm is now being took into consideration (table and graph 2). The outsourced analysis states that when shipment numbers rise so should the same charter rates. Unfortunately this is wrong under a statistical point of view: whilst shipments and 3-year hire rates seem actually slightly related, the number of shipments and the spot rates go surprisingly in  the opposite direction (Pearson correlation index=(0.3783)). Hence, long term NPV needs to be managed carefully being based on assumptions not  entirely true. Recommendations The 15-year, no-tax investment is the right choice.  The NPV of this project turns out to be positive, leading us to recommend the signature of the contract. Turning down this operation would mean wasting future earnings. Furthermore, the 25-year project is unsafe : it could dry out the company’s cash and equivalents and prevent the reinvestment of the scrap value ($5M) in more profitable projects. The extra return doesn’t justify a 10 year longer investment based on many unreliable assumptions, not supported by statistical data and which does not grant the flexibility that a shorter one would.

Ancestry of Martin Luther King, Jr.

Rev. Martin Luther King Jr. was born on 15 January 1929 in Atlanta, Georgia to a long line of preachers. His father, Martin Luther King, Sr. was a pastor for the Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta. His maternal grandfather, the Reverend Adam Daniel Williams, was famous for his fiery sermons. His great-grandfather, Willis Williams, was a slave-era preacher. Family Tree of Martin Luther King Jr. This family tree uses the Ahnentafel Genealogical Numbering System. First Generation: 1. Martin Luther King Jr. was born Michael L. King on 15 January 1929, in Atlanta, Georgia, and was assassinated on 4 April 1968 during a visit to Memphis, Tennessee. In 1934, his father -- perhaps inspired by a visit to the birthplace of Protestantism in Germany -- is said to have changed his name and that of his son to Martin Luther King. Martin Luther King Jr. married Coretta Scott King (27 April 1927 - 1 January 2006) on 18 June 1953 on the lawn of her parents home in Marion, Alabama. The couple had four children: Yolanda Denise King (b. 17 November 1955), Martin Luther King III (b. 23 October 1957), Dexter Scott King (b. 30 January 1961) and Bernice Albertine King (b. 28 March 1963). Dr. Martin Luther King Jr was laid to rest in the historically black South-View Cemetery in Atlanta, but his remains were later moved to a tomb located on the grounds of the King Center, adjacent to Ebenezer Baptist Church. Second Generation (Parents): 2. Michael KING, often called Daddy King was born on 19 Dec 1899 in Stockbridge, Henry County, Georgia and died of a heart attack on 11 November 1984 in Atlanta, Georgia. He is buried with his wife at South-View Cemetery in Atlanta, Georgia. 3. Alberta Christine WILLIAMS was born on 13 September 1903 in Atlanta, Georgia. She was shot to death on 30 June 1974 while she played the organ at Sunday service at Ebenezer Baptist Church in Atlanta, Georgia, and is buried with her husband in South-View Cemetery in Atlanta, Georgia. Martin Luther KING Sr. and Alberta Christine WILLIAMS were married on 25 November 1926 in Atlanta, Georgia, and had the following children: i. Willie Christine KING was born 11 September 1927 and married Isaac FARRIS, Sr.1 ii. Martin Luther KING, Jr.iii. Alfred Daniel Williams KING was born 30 July 1930, married Naomi BARBER, and died 21 July 1969. The Rev. A. D. King is buried in South-View Cemetery, Atlanta, Georgia. Third Generation (Grandparents): 4. James Albert KING was born about December 1864 in Ohio. He died on 17 November 1933 in Atlanta, Georgia, four years after the birth of his grandson, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr. 5. Delia LINSEY was born about July 1875 in Henry County, Georgia, and died 27 May 1924. James Albert KING and Delia LINSEY were married 20 August 1895 in Stockbridge, Henry County, Georgia and had the following children: i. Woodie KING born abt. April 18962. ii. Michael KINGiii. Lucius KING was born abt. Sept. 1899 and died before 1910.iv. Lenora KING was born abt. 1902v.Cleo KING was born abt. 1905vi. Lucila KING was born abt. 1906vii. James KING Jr was born abt. 1908viii. Rubie KING was born abt. 1909 6. Rev. Adam Daniel WILLIAMS was born on the 2 January 1863 in Penfield, Greene County, Georgia to slaves Willis and Lucretia Williams. and died 21 March 1931. 7. Jenny Celeste PARKS was born about April 1873 in Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia and died of a heart attack on 18 May 1941 in Atlanta, Fulton County, Georgia. Adam Daniel WILLIAMS and Jenny Celeste PARKS were married on 29 October 1899 in Fulton County, Georgia, and had the following children: 3. i. Alberta Christine WILLIAMS

Gay Marriage Right or Wrong - 3385 Words

Gay Marriage: Right or Wrong? Kristina Waltmire SOC 120 Introduction to Ethics Social Responsibility June 13, 2011 Dr. Eva M. Ananiewicz Ashford University Abstract This paper will give a look into the religious, social ethics, and rights of a gay couple wanting to get married. Gay marriage debates are very emotional and important to many people and there are many sides to every argument. Religious leaders want to state what the bible is saying and saying that same-sex marriage is wrong based on the bible’s teachings. Gay people are fighting for their right to marry and live what they feel as a â€Å"normal life†. This paper will look in to the ethics and possible solutions to this important issue. Introduction In today’s†¦show more content†¦Religious leaders are giving only a few examples to explain their view that it is wrong for gay couples to marry. One argument of religious leaders is that in the Christian Bible marrying the same sex is a sin. They are saying this is not the choice God would want someone to choose. Religious leaders are also stating that the Bible states that God intended marriage to be one man and one woman until death (Sullivan, 2004). Leaders are also stating that God created marriage to let people have children and two individuals of the same sex cannot naturally conceive a child (Sullivan, 2004). Christian followers believe that children should only be born to the â€Å"traditional† married couples (Mohr, 2005). Religious leaders fear that untraditional couples having children will threaten the traditional marriage and values of the Christian faith (Mohr, 2005). The gay community does not see it that way. They feel as th ough they are able to provide for the child and give the child love and morals then they should be able to have children. Some people believe that the ability to have children is a civil and human right in this country. Therefore, the next common issue brought up by the gay marriage debates is civil and human rights. These issues are some of the most complicated because some people will look at these and say if they cannot get married then they should not be able to have the same benefits as a traditional married couple. Equality in many areas areShow MoreRelatedGay Marriage Right or Wrong2460 Words   |  10 PagesGay Marriage Right or Wrong There are so many ethical issues that are continuously debated and still there has been no resolution. Gay Marriage is an ethical issue that has been debated for years. This is an issue that I think that will continue to be debated as a clear answer as to why it is morally wrong has yet to be determined. For so long a deontological view has been applied to the subject. Those who are opposed to same sex marriage take on this view. I do not thinkRead MoreWhy Same Sex Marriage Should Be Legal1478 Words   |  6 PagesWhy Same Sex Marriage Shouldn’t be Allowed Why shouldn’t Same Sex Marriage legalized? Number one why would you want more gay couples walking around and getting married? It flat out is just not right at all. No matter if same sex marriage is legal or illegal it will never be okay on any circumstance. Marriage has always been between A Man and Woman not two guys and two girls. Marriage should stay the same, it should not be legalized, they’re just too many wrongs to it and it is not acceptable. TheRead MoreGay Marriage and Its Issues1260 Words   |  6 PagesGay Marriage and its Issues Gay marriage has been an issue for a very long time and since some states are legalizing it, many worry that it would soon be added as an amendment. The topic of gay marriage brings up religious, legal, and many other issues. In Whats wrong with Gay Marriage? by Katha Pollitt, the author supports gay marriage and wants it legalized. She states that there is no problem with gay marriage and its all a matter of separating the church and state. But in â€Å"Gay ‘Marriage’:Read MoreGay Marriage Should Not Be Denied Service1457 Words   |  6 Pagesand refuse to cater to gay marriages. They do this based on their belief that gay marriage is wrong, and against their faith, and because of this they can’t provide their services or they would be supporting it. In Indiana, a small town pizzeria was asked what their position was on the Religious Restoration Freedom act, and stated that they were a Christian establishment and could not cater to gay marriages. However they w ould serve gay people and couples in their store. The gay community and supportersRead MorePro Gay Marriage Essay807 Words   |  4 Pagesand religiously wrong. For millions of people all around the world that’s the harsh reality. Times are changing in the world that we live in today however discrimination against gay and lesbian couples is still a frequent issue with only 13 countries that fully legalise and recognise gay marriage with full equality. The most common argument for people being against gay marriage is that it’s â€Å"not natural† for two people of the same sex to have a marriage. Opponents of gay marriage make out thatRead MoreThe Issue Of Gay Marriage1191 Words   |  5 PagesProfessor Peter Lamar Introduction to Classics in Philosophy 6 November 2014 Gay Marriage Thomas Jefferson wrote about â€Å"unalienable rights† in The Declaration of Independence. What he meant was there are rights that are given to us as human beings and cannot be taken away by the government. â€Å"Life, Liberty and the Pursuit of Happiness† are among those rights that are being suppressed against same sex couples. Their right to pursue happiness with their significant other is taken from them by the stateRead MoreShould Gay Marriage Be Legal? Essay911 Words   |  4 PagesShould gay marriage be legal? Gay marriage should be legal because as woman and man, all individuals have the same right in society; because same-sex couples can constitute a good based family; because it is just a way to make official a common union nowadays, even with the religious issue; because it is not related to polygamy; and because love matters and it does not differ in nature according to the sex of its object or the person who experiences it. The first reason why same sex marriageRead MoreGay Marriage Should Be Legal1434 Words   |  6 PagesGay marriage has slowly become a significant factor amongst individuals of today’s society. On June 26, 2015, it was ruled out by the U.S. Supreme Court that gay marriage was now legal. The first thing that I thought was that â€Å"Wasn’t it already legal in the United States?† Well, apparently no it has not been legalized in the United States! (Dumb me.) The U.S. is known to be a nation of equality and gives everyone the freedom of the speech, but it is actually a nation full of racism, sexism, and homophobiasRead MoreEssay Gay Marriage Should Be Legal889 Words   |  4 PagesOn June 26, 2015, the US Supreme Court ruled that the US Constitution guarantees the right for same-sex couples to marry. Should gay marriages really be allowed? Has the Supreme Court ruled in error? Gay marriage should be legal because all individuals have the same right in society; because same-sex couples can constitute a good based family; because it is just a way to make official a common union nowadays, even with the religious issue; because it is not related to polygamy; and because loveRead MoreEssay about Gay Marriage Should be Legal Despite Being Immoral910 Words   |  4 Pages2015, the US Supreme Court ruled that the US Constitution guarantees the right for same-sex couples to marry. Many conservatives are completely against gay marriage and they have stated that they will fight to have the Supreme Court ruling overturned. There are a number of reasons opponents to gay marriage argue that the Supreme Court has made a huge mistake . First, certain religious interpretations maintain that gay marriage is sinful. Fortunately, our country is not a theocracy and public policy

Analysis Of Homer s The Odyssey - 1455 Words

An An Chang (24437312) Marissa Henry (Section 106) Classics 10 March 4th, 2016 Odysseus’s Voyage from Pride to Modesty In the Odyssey, Homer portrays Odysseus as a strong, courageous leader who not only uses his physical strength, but also, his wit to problem solve and defeat his opponents. While Odysseus possesses many valuable traits that help him become the great leader he is, he also has one major character flaw--his hubris. Through his long trek back home to his wife and estate in the Odyssey, we see Odysseus slowly grow as a person and become slightly more humbled and less stubborn. Odysseus does not lose his hubris by the end of his journey, however, there is definitely a change in his decision makings. Odysseus’s journey begins on†¦show more content†¦By relinquishing his anonymous identity, Odysseus allows Polyphemos to take revenge by asking Poseidon, Polyphemos’s father, to curse Odysseus to never reach home. This very curse, which could have been easily avoided if Odysseus’s hubris did not interfere, causes Odysseus to take years to travel before finally returning home to his wife. In this scenario, Odysseus did not think twice about the consequences of announcing his name to Polyphemos. Odysseus, at this point of his journey, cares more about his pride and name than anything else. Later on in his journey, after leaving Calypso’s island, Odysseus almost gets dragged into the ocean by Poseidon’s storm. Luckily for Odysseus, goddess Ino steps in and offers him aid by giving him a veil that would keep him from drowning as he abandons ship and swims to shore. At first, Odysseus refuses to abandon ship, â€Å"Ah me, which of the immortals is weaving deception/ against me, and tells me to put off from the raft? But no,/ I will not do it yet, since I have seen with my own eyes that shore where she said I could escape, is still far from me† (5.356-360). Even Though goddess Ino is an immortal who has far more knowledge than Odysseus, a mere mortal, Odysseus still refuses to take her advice. Here, Odysseus is too stubborn to accept help until the very end when his ship falls apart due to Poseidon’s storm and had no choice but to follow goddess Ino’s

Libertarianism and Redistribution of Wealth Free Essays

The libertarian claim that any money gained though employment or business is none that they are fully entitled to is false, therefore the claim that the redistribution of that wealth through taxation Is a form of theft Is also false based on the grounds that no one fully owns all of their wealth. The reason that no one fully owns all of their wealth is that we live in a society where many aspects of our economy that contribute to the generation of wealth are paid for by society as a whole. An example of this is a child who goes to school. We will write a custom essay sample on Libertarianism and Redistribution of Wealth or any similar topic only for you Order Now This child will graduate knowing how to read, write, do math, use computers, etcetera. These are all skills required both for them to have Income and for future employers o profit from. These skills allow employers to hire them knowing that they can have a basic level of expectation of this child, and even If they are not employed, business owners can also assume a basic level of expectation in the ability to use the products being sold. To clarify, let’s look at an example using Bill Gates, one of the richest men in the world. Bill Gates would never have become wealthy if he did not have the basic expectation that the majority of people in America had the education and knowledge to use computers. He did not pay for this knowledge, society as a whole did. The fact that society Is responsible for educating our people to the basic level required for the use of Bill Gates’ products Is the reason why Bill Gates does not fully own all of his wealth. Again, to own something is to assume that you are fully Bill Gates owes part of his wealth to society for the education it provided which allows us to use computers. Another reason why people do not completely own all of their wealth Is that we all owe something to the government who protects our wealth and our ability to gain wealth. The government provides security from outside influence in the world, laws which govern our business practices to protect us from each other, and allows the environment in which we are able to perform business. Because of these reasons we all owe the government because we are able to take advantage of the system that our government has provided. Since the wealthy are able to take a much greater advantage of this system, It Is natural to assume that the wealthy also owe more to the government than do the poorer and middle class citizens. The fact Is that we live in a society in which we are not paid for the labor we do or for the product in which we provide to society as a whole. Instead we are paid based on how well we are able to take advantage of the systems in place. This system allows for unfair advantages for some and the only way to balance out those unfair advantages is through taxation. As I nave calmer Deter, ten wangle purpose AT taxation In ten TLS place Is as a Tort of redistribution of wealth. Services need to be paid for and the government must have money in order to run. Taxation allows the government to redistribute wealth in a fashion which should be fair (though many times is far from fair) in order to provide the necessary services for our country to prosper. If our country has too large of a gap between the wealthy and the poor it also looses the ability create new wealth. What I mean is this. The wealthy are able to create wealth by taking advantage of the poor and middle classes. This is not always a bad thing however. Since the poor and middle class make up the vast majority of the countries’ population, it is also them who purchase, manufacture, and provide the majority of the products and services offered by the wealthy. The wealthy are able to make money because the rest of the countries’ citizens spend money. If these citizens have o money to spend there is no money for the wealthy to make and they must begin to look outside of our country for that wealth. Again, this comes down to the advantages provided by our government which allow for overseas trade and the import and export of goods and services. If the wealthy are to take advantage of foreign trade, they again owe extra to the government, and society as a whole, for the advantage which is provided to them. In the end however, it is simply a good idea to redistribute wealth back to the poorer in our country in order to provide all citizens at the very least an opportunity to get some of that wealth back from them. Our economy is a never ending circle of exchanges in which the most affluent are able to take the greatest advantage, thus owing the most back to their government and society. I do agree that people have a right to their own property (as long as it was obtained honestly), however, how much property does one really need and to what extent do they really own it. There must be a point at which a certain amount of wealth is too much. How many of the richest people in the world will ever be able to spend all of their money? It is basically for this reason that I am against the views hat it should not be the government’s responsibility to use taxation as a way to redistribute income. This is in fact the sole reason for taxation in the first place and the reason why the rich pay a higher amount of tax than the poor. This higher taxation is especially necessary in a society such as ours where the average CEO make something along the lines of 400-500 times as much as the average worker (much higher than any other country in the world). I see no reason why we can’t increase taxes on the richest in order to fulfill our obligation to the poor, not only at home but across the world. How to cite Libertarianism and Redistribution of Wealth, Papers

Accounting & Finance Telstra Corporation Limited Case Study

Question: Case Study on "Telstra Corporation Limited". Answer: 1. Introduction Telstra Corporation Limited was founded in 1901 that is located in Melbourne, Australia. It offers the telecommunications and information services to corporations, governments, society, and people in Australia and worldwide. There are different operating channels of Telstra such as Telstra Retail, Global Enterprise and Services, Telstra Operations, and Telstra Wholesale segments. It also provides various telecommunication products, services, and solutions related to the mobiles, fixed and mobile broadband, television, data and Internet protocol networks, and network applications and services. The Telstra provides around 16.7 million retail mobile customers, 6 million fixed voice customers, and 3.1 million retail fixed data customers. It offers their services via 371 retail stores, 84 business centers, and 137 business and enterprise partners, as well as through 18,700 retail points (Bloomberg, 2015). This report explains about the financial status and risk of Telstra by analysis of companys historical financial statement from 2011 to 2016. Beside this, it assesses the companys corporate governance structure, risk profile, and costs of capital and equity. It also evaluates the earnings, cash flows, competitive strengths, and analysis of its competitors. This report also focuses on the financing sources, the trade-offs between debt and equity for the company. Further, this report determines the Telstra ability to decrease the cost of debt, and its dividend policy related to the returns of the shareholders. 2. Corporate Governance 2.1 The Chief Executive Officer Andrew "Andy" Penn was appointed as the Chief Executive Officer (CEO) and Managing Director of Telstra Corporation Limited in May 2015. Prior to this from 1990 to 2011, Andy worked for National Mutual which later merged with AXA Asia Pacific, and in the end as its CEO. He is passionate about the visual arts and supports Telstras programs with the National Gallery of Victoria, Museum of Contemporary Art and the National Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islanders Art Award (Telstra, 2015). 2.2 Board of directors: The Telstra board currently comprises of 10 directors in which 9 directors are independent Non-Executive Direction. They are selected by shareholders together with the Executive Director (Andy Penn). They are the responsble for setting and reviewing the strategic direction of Telstra and monitoring the implementation of that. Besides this, the Telstra board is supported by 3 further committees: an audit committee, a nominations committee, a compensation committee. In this way, each committee helps the board for accomplishing the particular tasks that set out in the committee contract, as assigned and approved by the board (Annual Report, 2015). Executive and Board Remuneration Framework The Board Remuneration Framework is designed to attract, motivate, and retain the executive team, board members and meeting shareholder requirements. Telstra grants the reward to executive directors who support management in long-term decision making. Non-Executive Director does not get the performance-based remuneration, but they receive travel benefits, allowance to 2 long hauls and 6 short haul tour each year (Telstra Corporation Limited, 2015). 2.3 Financial Market Considerations Telstra financial market interactions are represented as the Error! Reference source not found. and Error! Reference source not found. from October 2011 to 2016. This chart depicts its share price, trade volumes and trends with regards to the Dow Jones Index. At the end of 2016, Telstras shares have been more variable due to falling its share price. For instance; share price is recorded as $3.00 in October 2011 that increases in October 2015. In opposition to this, it can be seen in chart that share price of Telstra has declined in the end of October 2015. Thus, it can be explained that Telstra shares are broadly traded in the market, with average daily stock movements in the order of 3 million (Error! Reference source not found.). As Compared to the movements of the Dow Jones Index, it can be illustrated that fluctuations in Telstra share prices are relatively parallel to the movement in Dow Jones market. It means when Telstra shares price has declined with decline in Dow Jones index. In a similar way, when Telstra shares prices have increased with increase in Dow Jones index (Error! Reference source not found.). Therefore, it would suggest that the performance of Telstra is closely tied to the performance of the Dow Jones market (Telstra, 2015). Following charts are explored in greater detail: 2.4 Corporate Social Responsibilities of Telstra Corporate social responsibility of Telstra is designed to offer good jobs at good remuneration to people. For example; Telstra is investing on the activities of their workforce and cultural training programs. Hence, employees will be more productive due to the most rewarding place of work. Telstra has invested $200 million over 5 years on the workforce to provide the training. It also serves as equitable respectful and diverse working environment for people. For Instance; Telstras Gender team has recently established the Virtual Womens Network (VWN) to serve the network of Telstra women in order to meet their demand on a regular basis (Telstra Corporation Limited, 2015). It also tried to meet the needs and wants of their customers. For example, Telstra launches the Next G network to offer the better and more responsive services for people. This scheme is also offering in rural and remote schools in Australia to implement the appropriate and interactive program (Annual Report, 2015). In addition to this, company focused on increases the shareholder value and worked for protection of shareholders interests through attractive dividend payments. Beside this, it focuses on safe environment practices. Furthermore, it voluntarily contributes in their resources, people, technology, goods and services to sustain the community. For Instance; Telstra established the water-saving pilot program and implement into the commercial buildings and associations in the region of Australia by the installation of modern new water-saving technologies. This technology saves 83 million liters of water annually that the equivalent of approximately 33 Olympic sized swimming pools (Telstra, 2015). Interest and Benefit of Telstra Directors Telstra provides numerous benefits to its employees and its directors. Except newly joined Timothy Chen (the year 2013) all the directors of Telstra has ownership of equity. The CEO of the Telstra Mr. David Thodey has the maximum stakes in company which is around 1,009,652 shares in the financial year 2013-2014. At the time when he was CEO he received $3.4 million as a short-term cash bonus from Telstra. Even after he resigned from the post of CEO he was provided a number of benefits. For instance, later on, he received $913,577 worth of shares from the Telstra under short-term bonus plans also. Thus, Telstra not only provides various benefits to its directors when they are with the company but also provides bonus benefits even after leaving for a limited time span (Whyte, 2015). Figure 1 : Table showing equity holdings of the directors of Telstra (Image source: Telstra annual report, 2013) Following is the table representing the benefits of Telstra to its directors. Figure 2 : Benefits to directors of Telstra in the financial year 2014-2015 Ethical and responsible decision-making shareholders interest and communication In Telstra, the decision making and ethical responsibility are underpinned by the corporate governance framework which comprises of various group policies and principles. Telstra laid these principles and policies of the way in which it conducts its business and ensures accountability. These policies and principles provide direction to Telstra and enable accountability to the shareholders. The code of conduct of Telstra supports the Values of the company which sets outs standard behavior of their people. This represents the commitment of Telstra for good corporate governance, their personnel, corporate environment, etc (ethical boardroom, 2014). This governance framework allows the Telstra to keep a check on elements like health safety, bullying, sustainability, issues related to the privacy, corruption, social media and whistleblowing. In terms of communication, Telstra is open, clear and accurate for their shareholders. The purpose of communication is conveying the relevant information as soon as possible also to understand the view of shareholders also. This enables smooth two-way communications (Telstra, 2016). 3. Risk and Return 3.1 Sources of Risk for Telstra The risk is associated with Telstra is high for the stakeholders as it is related to technology and technology is dynamic in nature. It also faces risk of a change in the customer expectations, variation in market demand; changes in the strategies of the competitor etc. There is also the presence of natural risk for the company like extreme weather conditions, natural disasters etc they can create problems for the Telstra. For Telstra, another important thing to manage is the data information of their customers and corporate. Thus, data management also poses a risk to the company. Sometimes there are unfavorable regulations by the government which can easily become the reason of underperformance resulting in the negative effect on the market share price. Thus, there is a presence of political risk also for Telstra (Telstra, 2016). 3.2 Historic Risk Parameters Below table shows the return on equity of Telstra for five years: Below graph shows the trend line of return on equity of Telstra from 2011 to 2015: Capital Assets Pricing Model (CAPM) is an appropriate model for calculation of return on equity investment over stocks of Telstra. According to this, expected return on equity of an investor depends on value beta (), the market risk premium (rm) and the risk-free rate (rf) (Levy, 2011). On basis of above of data related to return on equity of Telstra for five years, following tables presents the findings of regression analysis: On basis of findings of regression analysis in above tables, the value of R Square for return over company stocks is obtained as 0.57, which means the data related to return on equity of company are closely linked with each other. Value of standard error is obtained as 1.202, which shows standard risk involved in decision related to investing company stocks. At the same time, slope of regression data can be presented by equation of Y = 1.18X 2345 (Levy, 2011). 3.3 Valuation of Telstra In order to determine whether the Telstra share price is over or under valued a financial comparable multiples analysis was undertaken. In this analysis the comparison of price to earnings (P/E) between Telstra and its main competitors like, Optus, Vodafone etc. Telstra is the market leader in the industry. The P/E ratio is better than in than the competitors of Telstra. In the current scenario, the earning score for Telstra is 7.35. thus, Telstra Corporation is undervalued (capital Cuba, 2016). Figure 3: Table representing Telstra Financials (Morningstar, 2016). Figure 4: Table representing Telstra Profitability (Morningstar, 2016). Above figures (3, 4) represents that market strength of the Telstra showing a consistent growth in growth and profitability. Liquidity of Telstra Figure 5: In the above table T= Telstra O=Optus V=Vodafone (Wei Xin, 2013). With the help of above table, it can be interpreted that the liquidity ratio of Telstra is lower than the ideal ratios. That means there can be a liquidity crisis in the general situation but as Telstra is a telecommunication company ratio lower than 1 can be accepted and on the other side, when the liquidity of Telstra is compared with the other competitors in the industry the liquidity of Telstra is better. This shows better liquidity of Telstra in the industry. 3.5 Capital Structure: Particulars 2015 ($m) 2014 ($m) Closing net debt 13,566 10,521 Total equity 14,510 13,960 Total capital 28,076 24,481 Gearing ratio (%) 48.3 43.0 Telstra involves both equity and debt in the capital structure. From the above, it can be depicted that closing net debt is $13,566m that is greater than the previous years value. Additionally, total equity is $14,510m that is higher than 2014. Besides this, total capital has risen from $24,481m to $28,076m in the period of 2014 and 2015. Along with this, the gearing ratio has risen from 43.0% to 48.3% in 2014 to 2015. Liquidity ratio: Ratios Formula FY15 ($m) FY14 ($m) Current ratio = 0.85 =1.20 Current assets 6,970 10,438 Current liabilities 8,129 8,684 Quick ratio = 0.79 = 1.16 Current assets 6,970 10,438 Inventory 491 362 Current liabilities 8,129 8,684 Liquidity ratio: Liquidity ratio represented the Telstras ability to meet its short-term financial obligations. As per the above analysis, it can be explained that Telstras current ratio is 0.85 and quick ratio is 0.79 in the year 2015 that are declined from the year 2014. It depicts the decreasing organizational short-term financial position. Therefore, it can be suggested that firm should focus on enhancing their liquidity ratios by reallocating their capital in current asset and current liabilities. Marginal Tax Rate Tax Rate/Year 2015 2014 Tax Rate 0.29 or 29% 0.26 or 26% Marginal Tax Rate (0.29-0.26) = 0.03 or 3% Analysis: Marginal tax rate is the difference between the current year tax rate and previous year tax rate. As per the above calculation, it can be said that the Telstras marginal tax rate is 0.03 or 3%. Recent Borrowing and Interest Rate: Particulars /Years 2015 ($m) 2014($m) Borrowings 1,496 2,277 Interest Rate 846 1,113 Interpretation: Above table depicts the Telstras borrowing and the interest rate that are paid by the company on its borrowings. In this way, it can be explained that company pays a $846m interest rate on its borrowing (i.e. $1496m) in 2015. It is also determined that its borrowings and interest rate has declined as compared to the previous years. Thus, it states that companys performance has improved than the last years performance. Cost of capital to Telstra Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC): Market Value of Equity 49954.030 Market Value of Debt 13439.8755028 Cost of Debt 4.857% Cost of Equity 5.75% Weight of Debt 0.212 Weight of Equity 0.788 Corporate Tax Rate 30% WACC 5.27% Working Note: WACC = E / (E + D)*Cost of Equity + D / (E + D)*Cost of Debt*(1 - Tax Rate) 0.788*5.75%+0.212*4.857 %*( 1 - 28.195%) = 5.27% Analysis: As per the above table, it can be said that Telstras WACC is 5.27% that represented the average cost of capital to company. It is because; Telstras cost of debt is low as compared to its cost of equity that means the company has sufficient equity to meet its obligations. 4. Earnings and Cash Flows 4.1 Analysis of Existing Investments Accounting Return of Telstra: Accounting return of Telstra for 2015 is $4.3b, which is presented as net income after tax of the company in Income statement. In addition to this, the accounting return is also measured in terms of gross profit, EBIT etc. The return of company can be compared with cost of equity and cost of capital of the company. The overall cost of capital is presented in terms of WACC of the company. The value of WACC of Telstra is identified as 5.27% in 2015. At the same time, earning per share is also a good measure for efficiency of utilization of company resources for generating profits. It tells about companys ability to offer dividend to shareholders (Telstra, 2016). 4.2 Marketplace Performance The value of accounting return provides information about proficiency of company in terms of cost control and investment of capital in profitable investment projects. For example, value of gross profit margin is helpful to measure profitability (marketplace performance) of firm as well as the cost efficiency of company. Hike in gross profit margin is also an indication of improvement in cost efficiency of company (i.e. reduction in cost of production) (Gibson, 2012). 4.3 Assessing Competitive Strengths Sustainability of Competitive Strength: It is a competitive strength of Telstra that it has access the multiple markets with the high-quality network that provides long-term competitive advantages to the company. There are some other companies in telecommunication sectors but they are nor capable of accessing the multiple markets. In addition to this, key market players like Vodafone and Optus have not capabilities to imitate this competitive strength of Telstra. Besides this, new market players have a lack of funds to compete with the competitive strength of the Telstras. 4.4 Competitors Analysis: There are main three competitors of Telstra includes Vodafone, virgin, and Optus. Comparison between the Telstra and its main key competitors: The following table represented the comparison among the Telstra and their key market players: Company Name Telstra Vodafone Optus Quantitative Measures (Size, Profitability, and Risk) Telstra market size is large because it provides a 4G network in most of the areas. Its net profit is $4.3b in 2015. Additionally, Telstras WACC is 5.75% that represents low the risk. Vodafone cover medium market size as compared to the Telstra. Its net profit is S$3,782m in 2015. Besides this, Vodafones WACC is 7.4% that represents the medium risk (Vodafone, 2014). Optus market size is small as compared to the Telstra and Vodafone. Its net profit is $5,970m in FY15. Its WACC is 8.5% that represents the higher risk (Optus, 2016). Qualitative Measures (quality of management, and service) It provides the best network quality to their customer. It also offers the high-quality customer services to attract and retain the more customers. It provides less network quality as compared to the Telstra. It also facilitates the medium quality customer services. It provides low-quality network than the Telstra and Vodafone. It also offers the low-quality customer services. 5. Financing Sources 5.1 Assessing Current Financing Methods of raising equity: Telstra uses two methods for raising funds through equity such as initial public offering (IPO) and private placement. Telstra sells their share through IPO because it is cost effective methods. Additionally, there is no fixed burden to pay a dividend to the shareholders. Furthermore, Telstra uses private placement methods in which company offers their share to particular group of investors and institute. This is less time-consuming methods because the company sells their share in less time and utilizes funds in business at right time. Sources of Borrowing Money: Telstra has high portion of equity in capital as compared to the debt hence; they can use different sources for borrowing money in order to expand their business. They use two different financial sources in terms of borrowing money that are bank loan and corporate bonds. Maturity structure for Debts: Telstra has used a nine-year high-quality corporate bond rate on 30 June 2015. In addition to this, it takes a bank loan for a long period. Besides this, Telstra pays floating rate on the corporate bond while fixed rate pays on the bank loan. Marginal Tax Rate: Company Name/Year FY15 FY14 Marginal Tax Rate Telstra 29% 26% 3% Vodafone 22% 31% 9% Optus 15.20% 15.89% 0.69% 5.2 Debt-equity Trade-offs and Free Cash Flows: Debt Servicing and Debt Level: Formula: Debt Servicing = Operating Income/ Debt servicing obligation of the company Debt Level: Particulars/FY FY15 ($m) FY14 ($m) Total Debt 13,566 10,521 Total Equity 14,510 13,960 Debt to Equity ratio 0.93 0.75 Working Note: Debt to Equity Ratio = Total Debt/ Total Equity Interpretation: Above table shows that companys debt servicing is in 2015 that is equal to its targeted value. Hence, it can be explained that companys ability is effective to meet the expenses of debt such as payment of principle amount of debt, and payment of interest expenses of debt. On the other side, debt to equity ratio is less than the 1 in both FY. Therefore, it can be described that companys credit worthiness is good. In this way, it can be stated that company can use bank loan as a source of finance. Free Cash Flows: Particulars FY15 ($m) FY14 ($m) Growth (%) Free Cash flow 2,619 7,483 (65.0) EBITDA 10,745 11,135 (3.5) Fair value of Cash flow 1396 5527 As per the above table, it can be interpreted that free cash flow, EBITDA, and fair value of cash flow has declined in 2015 as compared to the previous year. Therefore, on the basis of given analysis, it can be said that Telstra is not making good investments recently. Responsibilities of managers towards the stockholders: Managers are responsible for assessing the net profit after tax. Therefore, they make the policies and guidelines to increase the net profit. In addition to this, managers mainly work for the interest of shareholders. It is because; if net profit will be increased then the company will be able to pay a higher dividend to the shareholders. 5.3 Financing Cost of Debt There are different sources that are available to bondholders to assess the equity shareholders. These sources can be an annual report, the decision of general meeting, share movement in the market, and market information. Investment Forecasting: Telstra uses several modes such as board meeting and assesses future plan in order to forecast the investment opportunities, future investment, and needs. In this way, it can be said that company organizes the board meeting where all board member gives their opinion to grab the future investment opportunities. Assets of Telstra: Telstra uses various intangible assets such as goodwill, software assets, mastheads, patents and trademarks, licenses, customer bases, brand names, and deferred expenditure. The total value of intangible of Telstra has increased from 12659 to 15764 in 2015. Besides this, the cost of these assets has also increased from 6277 to 6432 from 2014 to 2015. 6. Dividend Policy 6.1 Historical Dividend Policy Analysis Historical Dividend of Telstra Analysis: As per the historical performance, it can be explained that total dividend has increased in 2014 and 2015 that was constant in last three years. In this way, it can be expressed that dividend paid per share is $28.0m in FY11, FY12, FY13 that has risen $28.5m in FY14 and 30.0 in the FY15. Therefore, it can be said that dividend has continuously increased in last 2 years. Payout Ratio and Dividend Yield Ratio: It is calculated as follow: Particulars 2014 ($m) 2013($m) Dividend Payout Ratio 86 93 Dividend Yield Ratio 6.0% 7.0% Interpretation: Above dividend payout ratio defines the portion of profit that is distributed as the dividend to the shareholders. On the basis of above dividend payout ratio, it can be explained that dividend has declined as compared to the last years that means companys performance is not good. On the other side, dividend yield ratio defines the amount of cash dividend which is distributed to the common shareholders and it is also relative to the market value per share. In this way, it can be said that it has declined as compared to 2014. Therefore, Telstra needs to improvement in the dividend policy. Relation of the dividend with the earnings and cash flows: Particulars FY15 ($m) FY14 ($m) FY13 ($m) FY12 ($m) Dividend 30.0 28.5 28.0 28.0 Earnings 26607 26296 24776 25503 Cash Flows 1396 5527 (1502) 1291 Interpretation: From the above table, it can be determined that there is a positive relationship between the earnings and dividend. It is because; earnings and dividend both are reciprocally increased. On the other side; there is no relationship among the cash flows and dividends. It is because; the company uses dividend policy according to their own decisions. Modes of Convey Information to the financial market There are different sources of conveying information to the financial market includes the annual report, media communication, and general meetings. Importance of dividend policy: A dividend policy is set the rules and guidelines that are used by the company to decide the amount of profit which will pay out to their shareholders. This policy is important for the company in order to retain and attract the more investors. Besides this, the company can invest in more sectors by using dividend policy of the company. 6.2 Firm Characteristics Marginal Stakeholders of Telstra: There are several stakeholders are available in the company such as directors, managers, employees, customers, and suppliers. These stakeholders take some parts of the profit according to their needs and benefits. In this way, it can be explained that some stakeholders are interested in taking dividend as a profit but, at the same time, some are interested in buying back shares. From the analysis of the annual report, it can be interpreted that Telstra buyback share is $1b whereas its total dividend per share is 30.5 cents. Compare the firm dividend policy in telecommunication sectors Vodafone and Optus are the main competitors of the Telstra in the telecommunication sectors. Company Name FY15 ($m) FY14($m) FY13($m) FY12($m) Telstra 3545 3699 3475 3480 Vodafone 1975 3365 3193 3102 Optus (1593.8) (1594.2) (1434.0) (1434.3) Evaluation: As per the above table, it can be evaluated that Telstras dividend is high as compared to its competitors such as Vodafone and Optus. In addition to this, it can be said that Telstras dividend policy is best to attract and retain the more investors whereas, its key competitors do not use appropriate dividend policy. Hence, Telstras dividend is higher than the market players. Conclusion On basis of above, it can be concluded that CEO of Telstra is Andy Penn. CEO and board of directors of the company works positively for the interest of stockholders of company and company as a whole. It can also be concluded that capital structure of company is composed of debt financing and equity financing. It can also be summarized that debt equity ratio of company is approx 1 that means companys creditworthiness is good. It means, company may easily obtain long term loans from banks and other financial institutions. References Gibson, C.H. (2012) Financial Reporting and Analysis. USA: Cengage Learning. Levy, H. (2011) The Capital Asset Pricing Model in the 21st Century: Analytical, Empirical, and Behavioral Perspectives. UK: Cambridge University Press. Morningstar (2016) Telstra Corp Ltd TTRAF. Optus (2014) Annual Report. Optus (2016) Annual Report. Telstra (2014) Annual Report. Telstra Corporation Limited (2015) Corporate Social Responsibility.