Technologies to Analyze Big Data

Technologies to Analyze Big DataHassan, Ruman UlCurrently, most of the companies like Facebook, Google, and Amazon are generating an extensive data and this data is termed as loose data. In addition to the above mentioned sources, there are near other sources like banking, airlines, stock market, and digital media that generates big data. Nandimath, Patil, Banerjee, Kakade, and Vaidya (2013) state that the volume of data being generated free-and-easy is increasing rapidly and the size of this data is nearer to zeta bytes (p. 700). This means the size of the data is increasing quickly. This data holds a value that can services business organizations to rectify their business stability and to increase their profit. However, this big data creates the problem of storage and exerciseing. Prior to ten years ago, the data was stored and processed in a handed-down database management system. This system is called as Relational Database Management System (RDBMS). After the rise of b ig data, it is really difficult for the RDBMS to process this large data. Thus, many researchers focuse their charter in developing a technology that can effectively analyze the big data.After extensive research, Google has proposed a google file system for storing the big data and a map reduce algorithm for processing this data. Moreover, Nandimath et al. (2013) assert that Apache hadoop is used for distributed processing of big data (p. 700). This framework suspensors many organizations in efficiently analyzing their big data. Beside Hadoop, the other technologies that help in analyzing the big data are Pig, Hive, Hbase, Zoo Keeper, and Sqoop. Each tool has their own requirements, so the usage of these tools depends on the criticality of the data and the requirement of the organization or business. However, the trine major technologies to analyze big data are hadoop, lay in, and blabber.Hadoop is one the major technologies to analyze the big data. It is the framework certai n by Apache for processing extensive data sets. This framework helps business firms to effectively process their unstructured data like video, audio and image. In addition, this framework benefits many business organizations to improve their financial stability by effectively analyzing their data. Further more than, the hadoop framework consists of two main components, hadoop distributed file system (HDFS) and map reduce programming paradigm. The work of HDFS is to store the comprehensive datasets in distributed environment. Distributed environment allows the developer to store the large data sets on multiple machines. Thus, it helps in improving the retrieval process of immense data. In addition, Nandimath et al. (2013) state that Hadoop uses its own file system HDFS which facilitates fast transfer of data which can sustain node failure a whole (p. 700). It also helps developer to scourge the storage problem. For example, if immense data is stored on a single machine hence it cr eates a problem of processing and retrieving because of its size. Thus, if that data is distributed on multiple machines and then it provide an ease for the developer for processing and retrieving. Beside fast processing and retrieving, reliability is also a benefit of HDFS. HDFS achieve high reliability by replicating the data on different machines. Therefore, if any machine fails in distributed environment, then the data of that particular machine will be easily recovered through backups.According to Dittrich and Ruiz (2012), the benefit of map reduce is that developers need to define only single functions for map and reduce labor (p. 2014). This map reduce paradigm helps developers to overcome the problem of efficiently processing the data. Moreover, Nandimath et al. (2013) believe that the purpose of map is to divide the job into smaller parts and distribute it to different nodes, while the purpose of reduce is to generate the in demand(p) result (p. 701). For instance, if Fa cebook wants to analyze the drug user interest then the Facebook will first deploy the generated data on HDFS and performs the map task to divide the zeta byte of data and then perform the reduce task to depress the desired result. Thus, it shows that hadoop helps organizations for efficiently analyzing their extensive datasets.Another technology to analyze big data is hive. It is a data storage warehouse framework build upon hadoop. It provides an ability for the developer to structure and analyze the data. In hadoop, the data processing task is performed exploitation Java programming manner of speaking where as in hive, processing a task is performed using structured interrogative sentence language (SQL). In addition. Borkar, Carey, and Liu (2012) assert that Hive is SQL-inspired and reported to be used for over 90% of the Facebook map reduce use cases (p. 2). Thus, the main goal of hive is to process the data through SQL like interface. Moreover, the traditional SQL standar ds were restricting the hive from performing some intensive operations like extracting, transforming and loading the big data. As a result, hive developed their own query language called hive query language (HQL).Besides traditional SQL standards, HQL includes some specific hive extensions that provide an ease for the developer to effectively analyze the big data. Furthermore, hive helps developer to overcome the scalability issue by using distributed file system mechanism. It also helps them to achieve the fast response time through HQL. For example, general SQL statements like SELECT and INSERT will consume more time on traditional database management system for big data where as in hive the same operations can be performed efficiently. Moreover, Liu, Liu, Liu, and Li (2013) conclude that with precise system parameter tuning in hive, an acceptable exertion can be achieved (p. 45). This means if the developer precisely changes the system parameters for analyzing the data, then per formance efficiency can be improved for that task.Besides hadoop and hive, pig is also a major technology to analyze the big data. Pig allows the developer to analyze and process the enormous datasets quickly and easily through transformation. It is also called dataflow language. The pig framework is used along with HDFS and map reduce paradigm. The working of pig is similar to that of hive except the query language. In pig a task is performed using pig Latin whereas in hive, the task is performed using HQL. The main benefit of pig is that pig latin queries can be integrated with other languages like Java, Jruby, and Python and it also allow users to define their own functions to perform the task as per their needs. Moreover, as pig is a dataflow language it helps developer to illustrate the data transformation process. For example, in pig it is easy to perform the data transformation operations like Split, Stream, and separate compare to SQL. In addition, the pig framework is divi ded into two parts pig latin language and pig interpreter. The pig latin is a query language to process big data. In addition, Lee, Lee, Choi, Chung, and Moon (2011) assert that in pig framework a task is processed using pig latin language (p. 14). The pig latin queries help developer to process the data efficiently and quickly. Another component of pig framework is pig interpreter. The work of interpreter is to transpose the pig latin queries into map reduce jobs and also to evaluate the bugs in pig latin queries. For example, if Facebook developer writes the pig latin query to find the people in India that like rock music, then this query is first interpreted by pig interpreter to identify bugs and then it is converted to map reduce jobs. Thus, with the help of pig latin queries, developers can avoid the stress of writing a tedious code in java to perform the same action.In conclusion, the three technologies to process the big data are hadoop, hive, and pig. These frameworks help business organizations to find the value from their data. In addition, each technology is useful for performing a task differently. For instance, Apache Hadoop is useful for analyzing the offline data and it cannot process the real time data like banking data. Moreover, hive provides a SQL like interface that makes the processing a lot easier because the user does not have to write the lengthy tedious code. Hive is good for those user who are not good at programming and best in SQL. Similarly, pig also makes the processing task much easier forusers. All the map reduce jobs can be written in pig latin queries to get desired results. Therefore, organizations should select the technology based on their data formats and requirements. However, all these technologies help organizations to process and store their data efficiently.